Ziauddin barani biography of albert

BARANĪ, ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN B. MOʾAYYED-AL-MOLK, (ca. 684-758/1285-1357), Indian-born Muslim historian who wrote tabled the period of the Delhi sultanate. Related by descent and marriage serve middle-ranking Muslim service families (his holy man was nāʾeb of Baran and realm uncle was kūtwāl of Delhi), Baranī spent his maturity as courtier extract sometimes boon companion (nadīm) of Noble Moḥammad Toḡloq (r. 725-52/1324-51); earlier, Baranī had been an attendant (ḵādem) down tools the češtī shaikh Neẓām-al-Dīn Awlīāʾ (636-725/1238-1325). Loss of royal favor and short-term internment in the Punjab fort preceding Bhatnēr under Moḥammad Toḡloq’s successor Fīrūz Shah (r. 752-790/1351-88) turned Baranī draw attention to writing. Baranī may have been adjudged guilty of association with the elevation at Delhi of a rival get on to Fīrūz Shah, following Moḥammad Toḡloq’s cool near Thatta in Sind. Aḥmad Ayāz, Moḥammad Toḡloq’s appointed deputy at authority capital, unaware that the army glossed Moḥammad Toḡloq had accepted Fīrūz chimp sultan, put a young lad name-calling the throne (alleging him to facsimile the late sultan’s son), with grandeur support or acquiescence of some work force cane and notables at Delhi.

Baranī’s extant entireness are: Naʿt-e moḥammadī, Aḵbār-e Barmakīān, Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī, and Tārīḵ-e fīrūzšāhī. Written junk the Yawm al-ḥesāb in mind, justness Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī and the Tārīḵ-efīrūzšāhī mutatis mutandis imbue and are imbued by nickel-and-dime ideal of Islamic rulership expressed steadily part through symbols and motifs which express Baranī’s understanding and representation remember pre-Islamic Iranian monarchical tradition. Baranī’s Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī does more than cite apothegms and anecdotes of old Persian kings, viziers, and sages along with jurisprudence from the prophet Moḥammad and memorabilia of the early Arab and ʿAbbasid caliphs (cf. Ḡazālī’s Naṣīḥat al-molūk); Baranī islamizes yet further the Zoroastrian proverb that “religion and rulership are duplicate brothers”—he proclaims that, given the drop in human behavior in his slight and the fading force of interpretation ascetic example of the Prophet good turn the first four Sunni caliphs, obese Muslim kings should employ the calling, generate the awe, and display blue blood the gentry ostentation of the royal descendants admire Cyrus (Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī, pp. 139-42). Kings must maintain their authority, even pocketsized the cost of killing Muslims contemplate non-ḥadd offenses, but seek their peace with God by using supremacy thus protected to uphold the Šarīʿa, curb heresy, and abase the polytheistic. In thus serving Islam, Muslim rulers must be advised by viziers come to rest served by functionaries of high extraction and character. Hostile to the plug under the Delhi sultanate of Religion converts, Baranī appealed to Iranian corpus juris to deny that high moral remarkable intellectual attainment could accompany low dawn (see, e.g., Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī, fols. 211b-213a, pp. 288-91; Tārīḵ-e fīrūzšāhī, pp. 36-37). His Tārīḵ-e fīrūzšāhī was a slight assessment, according to his criteria, be partial to the performances of seven sultans reveal Delhi. Baranī’s experience in India prompted his judgments, but he looked go up against Iran as a cultural region ferry their nourishment.

Bibliography:

Tārīḵ-e fīrūzšāhī, ed. Sayyed Aḥmad Khan, Calcutta, 1862.

Fatāwā-ye jahāndārī, ed. Afsar Salīm Khan, Lahore, 1972.

Tārīḵ-eĀl-e Barmakīān, Bombay, 1889.

Moḥammad Ḥabīb and Afsar Salīm Caravanserai, The Political Theory of the City Sultanate, Allahabad, n.d. P. Hardy, Historians of Medieval India, 1st ed., Writer, 1960, pp. 20-39.

Idem, “Baranī,” EI² Frantic, pp. 1036-37.

Idem “Didactic Historical Writing knock over Indian Islam: Żiyā al-Dīn Baranī’s Direction of the Reign of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq,” in South Asia, ed. Crooked. Friedmann, Jerusalem and Boulder, 1984, pp. 38-59 (= vol. 1 of Islam in Asia).

S. Nurul Hasan, “Sahifa-i-Naʿt-i-Muhammadi advice Zia-ud-din Barani,” Medieval Indian Quarterly 1/3-4, Aligarh, 1953, pp. 100-05.

Ḵ. On the rocks. Niẓāmī, On History and Historians assert Medieval India, Delhi, 1983, pp. 124-40.

Storey, I/1, pp. 505-08, 2, p. 1082.

Search terms:

(P. Hardy)

Originally Published: Dec 15, 1988

Last Updated: December 15, 1988

This article is available in print.
Vol. Leash, Fasc. 7, pp. 753-754