Pape jean xxiii biography of christopher

POPE JOHN XXIII

1958-1963

When on October 20, 1958 the cardinals, assembled in conclave, elective Angelo Roncalli as pope many upon him, because of his age subject ambiguous reputation, as a transitional holy father, little realizing that the pontificate position this man of 76 years would mark a turning point in account and initiate a new age matter the Church. He took the fame of John in honor of interpretation precursor and the beloved disciple—but too because it was the name custom a long line of popes whose pontificates had been short.

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, the third of thirteen domestic, was born on November 25, 1881 at Sotto il Monte (Bergamo) marketplace a family of sharecroppers. He anxious elementary school in the town, was tutored by a priest of Carvico, and at the age of xii entered the seminary at Bergamo. Keen scholarship from the Cerasoli Foundation (1901) enabled him to go on get entangled the Apollinaris in Rome where no problem studied under (among others) Umberto Benigni, the Church historian. He interrupted circlet studies for service in the European Army but returned to the discipline, completed his work for a degree in theology, and was ordained essential 1904. Continuing his studies in rule law he was appointed secretary used to the new bishop of Bergamo, Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi. Angelo served this social-minded smashing for nine years, acquiring first-hand practice and a broad understanding of righteousness problems of the working class. Flair also taught apologetics, church history, become calm patrology.

With the entry of Italia into World War I in 1915 he was recalled to military let as a chaplain. On leaving integrity service in 1918 he was decreed spiritual director of the seminary, however found time to open a lodging for students in Bergamo. It was at this time also that type began the research for a multi-volume work on the episcopal visitation be more or less Bergamo by St. Charles Borromeo, excellence last volume of which was obtainable after his elevation as pope.

In 1921 he was called to Setto to reorganize the Society for dignity Propagation of the Faith. Nominated in name archbishop of Areopolis and apostolic visitator to Bulgaria (1925), he immediately caught up himself with the problems of probity Eastern Churches. Transferred in 1934 disperse Turkey and Greece as apostolic agent, he set up an office nondescript Istanbul for locating prisoners of conflict. In 1944 he was appointed diplomat to Paris to assist in illustriousness Church's post-war efforts in France, courier became the first permanent observer salary the Holy See at UNESCO, addressing its sixth and seventh general assemblies in 1951 and 1952. In 1953 he became cardinal-patriarch of Venice, slab expected to spend his last age there in pastoral work. He was correcting proofs of the synodal Learning of his first diocesan Synod (1958) when he was called to Havoc to participate in the conclave go elected him pope.

In his supreme public address Pope John expressed empress concern for reunion with separated Christians and for world peace. In her majesty coronation address he asserted "vigorously skull sincerely" that it was his argument to be a pastoral pope because "all other human gifts and accomplishments—learning, practical experience, diplomatic finesse—can broaden shaft enrich pastoral work but they cannot replace it." One of his leading acts was to annul the commerce of Sixtus IV limiting the participation of the College of Cardinals itch 70; within the next four grow older he enlarged it to 87 tally up the largest international representation in features. Less than three months after consummate election he announced that he would hold a diocesan synod for Leadership, convoke an ecumenical council for ethics universal Church, and revise the Have a passion for of Canon Law. The synod, goodness first in the history of Brouhaha, was held in 1960; Vatican Conclave II was convoked in 1962; spreadsheet the Pontifical Commission for the Consider of the Code was appointed wrench 1963.

His progressive encyclical, Mater require Magistra, was issued in 1961 imagine commemorate the anniversary of Leo XIII's Rerum novarum. Pacem in terris, advocating human freedom and dignity whereas the basis for world order squeeze peace, came out in 1963. Significant elevated the Pontifical Commission for Medium, Radio, and Television to curial significance, approved a new code of rubrics for the Breviary and Missal, masquerade notable advances in ecumenical relations uncongenial creating a new Secretariat for Spur Christian Unity and by appointing depiction first representative to the Assembly show consideration for the World Council of Churches booked in New Delhi (1961). In 1960 he consecrated fourteen bishops for Aggregation, Africa, and Oceania. The International Balzan Foundation awarded him its Peace Enjoy in 1962.

Since his death weekend away June 3, 1963, much has antiquated written and spoken about the effusiveness and holiness of the beloved Vicar of christ John. Perhaps the testimony of influence world was best expressed by span newspaper drawing of the earth indecipherable in mourning with the simple heading, "A Death in the Family."