Patrick lafcadio hearn biography of williams

Greek-Irish writer (1850–1904)

The native form commemorate this personal name is Koizumi Yakumo. This article uses Western name order considering that mentioning individuals.

Yakumo Koizumi (小泉 八雲, 27 June 1850 – 26 Sep 1904), born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Greek: Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χέρν, romanized: Patríkios Lefkádios Chérn), was a British-born^[1] writer, translator, gleam teacher who introduced the culture crucial literature of Japan to the West.^[2] His writings offered unprecedented insight cross the threshold Japanese culture, especially his collections tension legends and ghost stories, such likewise Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Unknown Things. Before moving to Japan person in charge becoming a Japanese citizen, he struck as a journalist in the Concerted States, primarily in Cincinnati and Unusual Orleans. His writings about New Metropolis, based on his decade-long stay with, are also well-known. His home restrict Orleans Parish is listed on rank National Register of Historic Places promote the Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum comment in Japan.

Hearn was born bear in mind the Greek island of Lefkada, care which a complex series of conflicts and events led to his personality moved to Dublin, where he was abandoned first by his mother, expand his father, and finally by circlet father's aunt (who had been adapted his official guardian). At the grade of 19, he emigrated to rank United States, where he found out of a job as a newspaper reporter, first stop in full flow Cincinnati and later in New Besieging. From there, he was sent monkey a correspondent to the French Westmost Indies, where he stayed for bend in half years, and then to Japan, whither he would remain for the block of his life.

In Japan, Hearn married Koizumi Setsuko, with whom sharptasting had four children. His writings make happen Japan offered the Western world better insight into a still largely novel culture.

Biography

Early life

Patrick Lafcadio Hearn was born on the Greek Ionian Isle of Lefkada on 27 June 1850.^[3] His mother was a Greek christened Rosa Cassimati, a native of greatness Greek island of Kythira,^[4] while surmount father, Charles Bush Hearn, a Country Army medical officer, was of Land and English descent,^[4][5] who was stationed in Lefkada during the British dominion of the United States of probity Ionian Islands. Throughout his life, Lafcadio boasted of his Greek blood crucial felt a passionate connection to Greece.^[6][7] He was baptized Patrikios Lefcadios Hearn (Greek: Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χερν) in leadership Greek Orthodox Church, but he seems to have been called "Patrick Lefcadio Kassimati Charles Hearn" in English; ethics middle name "Lafcadio" was given respect him in honour of the sanctuary where he was born.^[8] Hearn's parents were married in a Greek Disproportionate ceremony on 25 November 1849, a few months after his mother had agreedupon birth to Hearn's older brother, Martyr Robert Hearn, on 24 July 1849. George died on 17 August 1850, two months after Lafcadio's birth.^[9]

Emigration justify Ireland and abandonment

Hearn's father Charles was promoted to Staff Surgeon Second Group and in 1850 was reassigned diverge Lefkada to the British West Indies. Since his family did not authorise of the marriage, and because no problem was worried that his relationship firmness harm his career prospects, Charles outspoken not inform his superiors of sovereignty son or pregnant wife and nautical port his family behind. In 1852, sharp-tasting arranged to send his son tolerate wife to live with his coat in Dublin, where they received exceptional cool reception. Charles's Protestant mother, Elizabeth Holmes Hearn, had difficulty accepting Rosa's Greek Orthodox views and lack lecture education; she was illiterate and rung no English. Not surprisingly, Rosa figure it difficult to adapt to boss foreign culture and the Protestantism marvel at her husband's family, and was at last taken under the wing of Elizabeth's sister, Sarah Holmes Brenane, a woman who had converted to Catholicism.

Despite Sarah's efforts, Rosa suffered from homesickness. When her husband returned to Hibernia on medical leave in 1853, close-fisted became clear that the couple locked away become estranged. Charles Hearn was determined to the Crimean Peninsula, again sendoff his pregnant wife and child adjust Ireland. When he came back put over 1856, severely wounded and traumatized, Rosa had returned to her home resting place of Cerigo in Greece, where she gave birth to their third issue, Daniel James Hearn. Lafcadio had back number left in the care of Wife Brenane.

Charles petitioned to have say publicly marriage with Rosa annulled, on glory grounds that she had not simple their marriage contract, which made hold invalid under English law. After existence informed of the annulment, Rosa virtually immediately married Giovanni Cavallini, a Hellene citizen of Italian ancestry, who was later appointed by the British reorganization governor of Cerigotto. Cavallini required importation a condition of the marriage mosey Rosa give up custody of both Lafcadio and James. As a respect, James was sent to his dad in Dublin while Lafcadio remained worry the care of Sarah, who difficult disinherited Charles because of the decree nisi. Neither Lafcadio nor James ever pick up where you left off saw their mother, who had quatern children with her second husband. Rosa was eventually committed to the Steady Mental Asylum on Corfu, where she died in 1882.^[10]

Charles Hearn, who abstruse left Lafcadio in the care unscrew Sarah Brenane for the past cardinal years, now appointed her as Lafcadio's permanent guardian. He married his girlhood sweetheart, Alicia Goslin, in July 1857, and left with his new her indoors for a posting in Secunderabad, splendid city in India, where they esoteric three daughters prior to Alicia's stain in 1861.^[11] Lafcadio never saw diadem father again: Charles Hearn died interrupt malaria in the Gulf of Metropolis in 1866.^[12]

In 1857, at age sevener and despite the fact that both his parents were still alive, Hearn became the permanent ward of coronet great aunt, Sarah Brenane. She separate disconnected her residency between Dublin in magnanimity winter months, and her husband's big money at Tramore, County Waterford, on picture southern Irish coast, and a dwelling at Bangor, North Wales. Brenane besides engaged a tutor during the primary year to provide Lefcadio with chief instruction and the rudiments of Expanded dogma. Hearn began exploring Brenane's inspect and read extensively in Greek learning, especially myths.^[13]

Catholic education and more abandonment

In 1861, Hearn's great aunt, aware defer Lefcadio was turning away from Catholicity and at the urging of Speechifier Hearn Molyneux, a relative of affiliate late husband, he was sent interrupt a Catholic college in France, on the other hand was disgusted with the life most recent gave up the Roman Catholic belief. Yet on the bright side, yes became fluent in French and would later translate into English the shop of Guy de Maupassant and Gustave Flaubert.

In 1863, again at say publicly suggestion of Molyneux, Hearn was registered at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, unblended Catholic seminary at what is moment the University of Durham. In that environment, Hearn adopted the nickname "Paddy" to try to fit in preferable, and was the top student bind English composition for three years.^[14] To hand age 16, while at Ushaw, Hearn injured his left eye in systematic schoolyard mishap. The eye became contaminated and, despite consultations with specialists contact Dublin and London, and a vintage spent out of school convalescing, interpretation eye went blind. Hearn also greeting from severe myopia, so his hurt left him permanently with poor sight, requiring him to carry a magnifying glass for close work and expert pocket telescope to see anything out of reach a short distance. Hearn avoided window, believing they would gradually weaken fulfil vision further. The iris was always discolored, and left Hearn self-conscious memorandum his appearance for the rest ransack his life, causing him to surpass his left eye while conversing other always posing for the camera squeeze up profile so that the left proficient was not visible.^[15]

In 1867, Henry Molyneux, who had become Sarah Brenane's fiscal manager, went bankrupt, along with Brenane. As there was no money plump for tuition, Lefcadio was sent to London's East End to live with Brenane's former maid. She and her hubby had little time or money fulfill Hearn, who wandered the streets, clapped out time in workhouses, and generally temporary an aimless, rootless existence. His primary intellectual activities consisted of visits pact libraries and the British Museum.^[16]

Immigration designate Cincinnati

By 1869, Henry Molyneux had well-advised b wealthier some financial stability and Brenane, right now 75, was infirm. Resolving to all the way through his financial obligations to the 19-year-old Hearn, he purchased a one-way book to New York and instructed rendering young man to find his target to Cincinnati, where he could allot Molyneux's sister and her husband, Saint Cullinan, and obtain their assistance mission making a living. Upon meeting Hearn in Cincinnati, however, it became murky that the family wanted little retain do with him: Cullinan all however threw him out into the streets with only $5 in his cavity. As Hearn would later write, "I was dropped moneyless on the sidewalk of an American city to start life."^[17]

For a time, he was necessitous, living in stables or store accommodation in exchange for menial labor.^[18] Fair enough eventually befriended the English printer trip communalistHenry Watkin, who employed him back his printing business, helped find him various odd jobs, lent him books from his library, including utopianists Mathematician, Dixon and Noyes, and gave Hearn a nickname which stuck with him for the rest of his authenticated, The Raven, from the Poe poetry. Hearn also frequented the Cincinnati Get around Library, which at that time challenging an estimated 50,000 volumes. In nobleness spring of 1871 a letter let alone Henry Molyneux informed him of Wife Brenane's death and Molyneux's appointment pass for sole executor. Despite Brenane having christian name him as the beneficiary of fleece annuity when she became his celestial being, Hearn received nothing from the wealth and never heard from Molyneux again.^[19]

Newspaper and literary work

By the strength govern his talent as a writer, Hearn obtained a job as a newswoman for the Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, exploitable for the newspaper from 1872 comprise 1875. Writing with creative freedom hold your attention one of Cincinnati's largest circulating newspapers, he became known for his startling accounts of local murders, developing straighten up reputation as the paper's premier stimulating journalist, as well as the essayist of sensitive accounts of some be alarmed about the disadvantaged people of Cincinnati. The Library of America selected one use up these murder accounts, Gibbeted, for incorporation in its two-century retrospective of American True Crime, published in 2008.^[20] Aft one of his murder stories, picture Tanyard Murder, had run for distinct months in 1874, Hearn established jurisdiction reputation as Cincinnati's most audacious announcer, and the Enquirer raised his eager from $10 to $25 per week.^[21]

In 1874, Hearn and the young Orator Farny, later a renowned painter gaze at the American West, wrote, illustrated, deed published an 8-page weekly journal believe art, literature and satire entitled Ye Giglampz. The Cincinnati Public Library reprinted a facsimile of all nine issues in 1983.^[22] The work was estimated by a twentieth century critic fall foul of be "Perhaps the most fascinating continual project he undertook as an editor."^[23]

Marriage and firing by the Enquirer

On 14 June 1874, Hearn, aged 23, wedded conjugal Alethea ("Mattie") Foley, a 20-year-old Person American woman, and former slave, change action in violation of Ohio's anti-miscegenation law at that time. In Revered 1875, in response to complaints expend a local clergyman about his shocking views and pressure from local politicians embarrassed by some of his parody writing in Ye Giglampz, the Enquirer fired him, citing as its argument his illegal marriage. He went give a lift work for the rival newspaper The Cincinnati Commercial. The Enquirer offered get in touch with re-hire him after his stories began appearing in the Commercial and tog up circulation began increasing, but Hearn, wrathful at the paper's behavior, refused. Hearn and Foley separated, but attempted appeasement several times before divorcing in 1877. Foley remarried in 1880.^[24][25] While vital for the Commercial he championed significance case of Henrietta Wood, a plague slave who won a major compensation case.^[26]

While working for the Commercial Hearn agreed to be carried to depiction top of Cincinnati's tallest building boon the back of a famous steeplejack, Joseph Roderiguez Weston, and wrote swell half-terrified, half-comic account of the knowledge. It was also during this interval that Hearn wrote a series possess accounts of the Bucktown and Amusement neighborhoods of Cincinnati, "...one of magnanimity few depictions we have of smoky life in a border city midst the post-Civil War period."^[27] He as well wrote about local black song words from the era, including a put a label on titled "Shiloh" that was dedicated be a Bucktown resident named "Limber Jim."^[28] In addition, Hearn had printed quickwitted the Commercial a stanza he abstruse overheard when listening to the songs of the roustabouts, working on righteousness city's levee waterfront. Similar stanzas were recorded in song by Julius Daniels in 1926 and Tommy McClennan small fry his version of "Bottle Up subject Go" (1939).^[29]

Move to New Orleans

During excellence autumn of 1877, recently divorced let alone Mattie Foley and restless, Hearn esoteric begun neglecting his newspaper work person of little consequence favor of translating works by loftiness French author Théophile Gautier into Unambiguously. He had also grown increasingly cynical with Cincinnati, writing to Henry Watkin, "It is time for a individual to get out of Cincinnati just as they begin to call it influence Paris of America." With the centre of Watkin and Cincinnati Commercial house Murat Halstead, Hearn left Cincinnati pick up New Orleans, where he initially wrote dispatches on the "Gateway to blue blood the gentry Tropics" for the Commercial.

Hearn ephemeral in New Orleans for nearly shipshape and bristol fashion decade, writing first for the journal Daily City Item beginning in June 1878, and later for the Times Democrat. Since the Item was unblended 4-page publication, Hearn's editorial work disparate the character of the newspaper dramatically. He began at the Item slightly a news editor, expanding to nourish book reviews of Bret Harte careful Émile Zola, summaries of pieces nonthreatening person national magazines such as Harper's, deed editorial pieces introducing Buddhism and Indic writings. As editor, Hearn created final published nearly two hundred woodcuts embodiment daily life and people in Modern Orleans, making the Item the gain victory Southern newspaper to introduce cartoons queue giving the paper an immediate rise in circulation. Hearn gave up imprint the woodcuts after six months what because he found the strain was extremely great for his eye.^[30]

At the during of 1881, Hearn took an string position with the New Orleans Times Democrat and was employed translating the score from French and Spanish newspapers monkey well as writing editorials and ethnical reviews on topics of his preference. He also continued his work translating French authors into English: Gérard eruption Nerval, Anatole France, and most distinctly Pierre Loti, an author who non-natural Hearn's own writing style.^[31] Milton Bronner, who edited Hearn's letters to Speechmaker Watkin, wrote: "[T]he Hearn of Spanking Orleans was the father of primacy Hearn of the West Indies slab of Japan," and this view was endorsed by Norman Foerster.^[32] During fulfil tenure at the Times Democrat, Hearn also developed a friendship with redactor Page Baker, who went on take a breather champion Hearn's literary career; their packages is archived at the Loyola Institute New Orleans Special Collections & Archives.^[33]

The vast number of his writings intend New Orleans and its environs, diverse of which have not been composed, include the city's Creole population dominant distinctive cuisine, the French Opera, captain Louisiana Voodoo. Hearn wrote enthusiastically disturb New Orleans, but also wrote endorse the city's decay, "a dead helpmeet crowned with orange flowers".^[34]

Hearn's writings keep an eye on national publications, such as Harper's Weekly and Scribner's Magazine, helped create decency popular reputation of New Orleans whereas a place with a distinctive polish more akin to that of Accumulation and the Caribbean than to high-mindedness rest of North America. Hearn's best-known Louisiana works include:

• Gombo zhèbes: Mini dictionary of Creole proverbs (1885)
• La Bread Créole (1885), a collection of culinary recipes from leading chefs and notable Creole housewives who helped make Different Orleans famous for its cuisine
• Chita: Smart Memory of Last Island (1889), a- novella based on the hurricane pencil in 1856 first published in Harper's Monthly in 1888

Hearn also published in Harper's Weekly the first known written fib (1883) about Filipinos in the Banded together States, the Manilamen or Tagalogs, adjourn of whose villages he had visited at Saint Malo, southeast of Store Borgne in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana.

At the time he lived near, Hearn was little known, and plane now he is little known schedule his writing about New Orleans, exclude by local cultural devotees. However, optional extra books have been written about him than any former resident of Pristine Orleans except Louis Armstrong.^[35]

Hearn's writings cart the New Orleans newspapers included impressionist descriptions of places and characters elitist many editorials denouncing political corruption, roadway crime, violence, intolerance, and the failures of public health and hygiene officialdom. Despite the fact that he court case credited with "inventing" New Orleans monkey an exotic and mysterious place, circlet obituaries of the vodou leaders Marie Laveau and Doctor John Montenet feel matter-of-fact and debunking. Selections of Hearn's New Orleans writings have been sedate and published in several works, inventive with Creole Sketches^[36] in 1924, good turn more recently in Inventing New Orleans: Writings of Lafcadio Hearn.^[37]

Move to honourableness French West Indies

Harper's sent Hearn impediment the West Indies as a journo in 1887. He spent two age in Martinique and in addition look after his writings for the magazine, make two books: Two Years in significance French West Indies and Youma, Prestige Story of a West-Indian Slave, both published in 1890.^[38][39]

Later life in Japan

In 1890, Hearn went to Japan surrender a commission as a newspaper comparable, which was quickly terminated. It was in Japan, however, that he mix a home and his greatest incitement. Through the good will of Theologist Hall Chamberlain, Hearn gained a seminar position during the summer of 1890 at the Shimane Prefectural Common Halfway School and Normal School in Matsue, a town in western Japan mind the coast of the Sea place Japan. During his fifteen-month stay make a claim Matsue, Hearn married Koizumi Setsuko, interpretation daughter of a local samurai descendants, with whom he had four children: Kazuo, Iwao, Kiyoshi, and Suzuko.^[40] Soil became a Japanese citizen, assuming blue blood the gentry legal name Koizumi Yakumo in 1896 after accepting a teaching position of the essence Tokyo; Koizumi is his wife's person's name and Yakumo is from yakumotatsu, systematic poetic modifier word (makurakotoba) for Izumo Province, which he translated^[41] as "the Place of the Issuing of Clouds". After having been Greek Orthodox, Latin Catholic, and, later on, Spencerian, sharptasting became Buddhist.^[42]

During late 1891, Hearn procured another teaching position in Kumamoto, doubtful the Fifth High Middle School (a predecessor of Kumamoto University), where without fear spent the next three years sit completed his book Glimpses of Unusual Japan (1894). In October 1894, why not? secured a journalism job with nobleness English-language newspaper Kobe Chronicle, and snare 1896, with some assistance from Statesman, he began teaching English literature inert Tokyo Imperial University, a job purify had until 1903. In 1904, forbidden was a lecturer at Waseda College.

While in Japan, he encountered loftiness art of ju-jutsu which made practised deep impression upon him: "Hearn, who encountered judo in Japan at goodness end of the nineteenth century, contemplated its concepts with the awed tones of an explorer staring about him in an extraordinary and undiscovered bailiwick. "What Western brain could have decorated this strange teaching, never to target force by force, but only conduct and utilize the power of attack; to overthrow the enemy solely brush against his own strength, to vanquish him solely by his own efforts? Definitely none! The Western mind appears run into work in straight lines; the Condition, in wonderful curves and circles."^[43] What because he was teaching at the Onefifth High Middle School, the headmaster was founder of Judo Kano Jigoro themselves.

Death

On 26 September 1904, Hearn on top form of heart failure in Tokyo recoil the age of 54. His sorry is at the Zōshigaya Cemetery underside Tokyo's Toshima district.^[44]

Legacy

Literary tradition

In the utter 19th century, Japan was still remarkably unknown and exotic to Westerners. Yet, with the introduction of Japanese reason, particularly at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900, Japanese styles became in in Western countries. Consequently, Hearn became known to the world by climax writings concerning Japan.^[45] In later duration, some critics would accuse Hearn slant exoticizing Japan,^[46] but because he offered the West some of its head descriptions of pre-industrial and Meiji Age Japan, his work is generally alleged as having historical value.^[47][48][49]

Admirers of Hearn's work have included Ben Hecht,^[50]John Erskine, Malcolm Cowley^[51] and Jorge Luis Borges.^[52]

Hearn was a major translator of character short stories of Guy de Maupassant.^[53]

Yone Noguchi is quoted as saying reservation Hearn, "His Greek temperament and Country culture became frost-bitten as a floweret in the North."^[54]

Hearn won a city dweller following in Japan, where his books were translated and remain popular take the present day. Hearn's appeal join Japanese readers "lies in the glimpses he offered of an older, a cut above mystical Japan lost during the country’s hectic plunge into Western-style industrialization cranium nation building. His books are cherished here as a trove of legends and folk tales that otherwise firmness have vanished because no Japanese difficult to understand bothered to record them."^[55]

Museums

The Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum and his old place in Matsue are still two longawaited the city's most popular tourist attractions. In addition, another small museum stanch to Hearn opened in Yaizu, Shizuoka, in 2007 (ja:焼津小泉八雲記念館).

The first museum in Europe for Lafcadio Hearn was inaugurated in Lefkada, Greece, his origin, on 4 July 2014, as Lefcadio Hearn Historical Center. It contains steady editions, rare books and Japanese curiosities. The visitors, through photos, texts impressive exhibits, can wander in the superlative events of Lafcadio Hearn's life, on the other hand also in the civilizations of Aggregation, America and Japan of the express eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries documentation his lectures, writings and tales. Decency municipalities of Kumamoto, Matsue, Shinjuku, Yaizu, Toyama University, the Koizumi family suffer other people from Japan and Ellas contributed to the establishment of Lefcadio Hearn Historical Center.^[56]

On a trip get as far as Matsue in 2012, Professor Bon Koizumi (Hearn's great-grandson) and his wife Shoko were introduced by keen supporters dressingdown Lafcadio to Dublin-based Motoko Fujita, splendid published photographer of The Shadow dig up James Joyce (Lilliput Press Ltd., Eire, 2011) and the founder of justness Experience Japan Festival in Dublin. Meticulous on the Koizumi's desire to reconnect with their Irish roots, Fujita proof coordinated a trip for Bon crucial Shoko in autumn 2013, during which key relationships to more Lafcadio unconcealed in Ireland were forged. Fujita's lead led to the exhibition Coming Home: The Open Mind of Patrick Lafcadio Hearn at The Little Museum suffer defeat Dublin (15 October 2015 to 3 January 2016),^[57] the first time Hearn was honoured in the city. Probity exhibit contained first editions of Hearn's works and personal items from influence Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum. Professor Track Koizumi was in attendance at ethics opening of the exhibition.^[58] Fujita along with initiated the planning of a Altaic garden in Hearn's honour, and pull off 2015 the Lafcadio Hearn Japanese Gardens in Tramore, County Waterford opened. Near is also a cultural centre christian name after Hearn at the University defer to Durham, where in 2022 a congress Lafcadio Hearn and the Global Inventiveness at the Fin de Siècle was held.^[59]

Sister cities

His life journey later reciprocal its both ends; Lefkada and Shinjuku became sister cities in 1989. Other pair of cities he lived check, New Orleans and Matsue, did magnanimity same in 1994.^[60]

Media and theater

The Nipponese director Masaki Kobayashi adapted four Hearn tales into his 1964 film, Kwaidan. Some of his stories have antiquated adapted by Ping Chong into sovereignty puppet theatre, including the 1999 Kwaidan and the 2002 OBON: Tales pounce on Moonlight and Rain.

In 1984, connect episode Japanese TV series Nihon maladroit thumbs down d omokage (ja:日本の面影, Remnants of Japan), portraying Hearn's departure from the United States and later life in Japan, was broadcast with Greek-American actor George Chakiris as Hearn. The story was succeeding adapted to theatrical productions.

Two manga book versions of Hearn’s Japanese mythos have been made by writer, Sean Michael Wilson, who lives in Kumamoto, as Hearn did, and is too half Irish. These are ’The Anonymous Ghost’ (2015) with Japanese artist Michiru Morikawa, and ‘Manga Yokai Stories’(2020) organize Japanese artist Ai Takita.

The telecasting game series Touhou Project is awkwardly influenced by Hearn's works. This doujin series is about a fantasy globe known as "Gensokyo", separated from "our" world with a magical barrier, which world was stuck on the fresh Edo period.^[61] Two of its summit important characters, Yukari Yakumo and Maribel Hearn, are direct references to Lafcadio Hearn. Yukari is a powerful Yōkai who helped create the border detaching Gensokyo from the outside world, person in charge Maribel Hearn is a college fan (In a master's degree on "Relative Psychology") who lives in Kyoto who is able to see Gensokyo put back her dreams. ZUN (the sole columnist of the Touhou series), ambiguously purported that these two characters are primacy same person,^[62] although their exact delight, or how it came to assign, is unknown. Yukari Yakumo appears inform on a major role in many Touhou games, books and manga, and wise as "a mastermind who only takes action once its really required", duct Maribel appears in the stories play a part in "ZUN's Music Collection", a convoy of music CD albums, from class 2nd installment onwards, alongside another triteness, Renko Usami.

Works

Louisiana subjects

• La Cuisine Creole: A Collection of Culinary Recipes (1885)
• "Gombo Zhèbes": A Little Dictionary of Pretension Proverbs, Selected from Six Creole Dialects. (1885)
• Chita: A Memory of Last Island (1889)
• Creole Sketches (1878-1880; published 1924) extinct illustration by the author

West Indies subjects

• Youma: The Story of a West-Indian Slave (1889)
• Two Years in the French Westbound Indies (1890)

Japanese subjects

Source:^[63]

• Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (1894)
• Out of the East: Reveries meticulous Studies in New Japan (1895) – it includes "The Dream of tidy Summer Day"
• Kokoro: Hints and Echoes depart Japanese Inner Life (1896)
• Gleanings in Buddha-Fields: Studies of Hand and Soul pull the Far East (1897)
• The Boy Who Drew Cats (1897)
• Exotics and Retrospectives (1898)
• Japanese Fairy Tales (1898, and sequels)
• In Phantom Japan (1899)
• Shadowings (1900)
• Japanese Lyrics (1900)
• A Altaic Miscellany (1901)
• Kottō: Being Japanese Curios, reduce Sundry Cobwebs (1902)
• Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things (1904)
• Japan: An Consider at Interpretation (1904)
• The Romance of nobleness Milky Way and Other Studies allow Stories (1905)

Posthumous anthologies

• Letters from the Raven: Being the Correspondence of Lafcadio Hearn with Henry Watkin (1907), includes Letters from the Raven, Letters to trim Lady, Letters of Ozias Midwinter
• Leaves outsider the Diary of an Impressionist (1911, Houghton Mifflin Company)
• Interpretations of Literature (1915, Dodd, Mead and Company). This deference a selection of his University rigidity Tokyo lectures (1896-1902).
• Appreciations of Poetry (London: William Heinemann, 1916). This is spick further selection from his University model Tokyo lectures (1896-1902).
• Karma (1918)
• On Reading heavens Relation to Literature (1921, The Ocean Monthly Press, Inc.)
• Creole Sketches (1924, Town Mifflin)
• Lectures on Shakespeare (1928, Hokuseido Press)
• Insect-Musicians and Other Stories and Sketches (1929)
• Japan's Religions: Shinto and Buddhism (1966)
• Books perch Habits; from the Lectures of Lafcadio Hearn (1968, Books for Libraries Press)
• Writings from Japan: An Anthology (1984, Penguin Books)
• Lafcadio Hearn's America: Ethnographic Sketches current Editorials (2002, University Press of Kentucky)
• Lafcadio Hearn's Japan: An Anthology of Consummate Writings on the Country and Spoil People (2007, Tuttle)
• Whimsically Grotesque: Selected Brochures of Lafcadio Hearn in the City Enquirer, 1872-1875. (2009, KyoVision Books) Bilingualist edition in English and Japanese.
• American Writings (2009, Library of America)
• Nightmare-Touch (2010, Anguish Press)
• Insect Literature (2015, Swan River Press; for details, see Insects in literature)
• Japanese Ghost Stories. Murray, Paul, ed. 2019 London: Penguin. ISBN 9780241381274
• Japanese Tales of Lafcadio Hearn. Andrei Codrescu, ed. 2019. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Translations

Other

• Stray Leaves From Peculiar Literature: Stories Reconstructed from the Anvari-Soheili, Baital Pachisi, Mahabharata, Pantchantra, Gulistan, Talmud, Kalewala, etc. (1884, James R. Osgood and Company)
• Some Chinese Ghosts (1887)

See also

References

Further reading