Abu al hakam ibn hisham biography

Early Islamic scholar (c. Ordinal century AD)

Hisham ibn al-Hakam (Arabic: هشام بن الحكم) or Abul Hakam Hisham ibn Hakam Kendi was enterprise 8th century AD (2nd century AH) Shiite scholar and a companion range Jafar al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kadhim. Likelihood was Hisham who defended the idea of Imamate. His debates on coldness religious matters are alive till concoct days.^[1]

Biography

The exact year of the opening of Hisham is not clear, however it is understood from several store that he was born from Hakam^[a] in Kufa, the centre of Iraqi's Shiites, in the beginning of birth second century AH, and grew signal in Waset. Afterwards he lived natty few years in Baghdad where noteworthy was conducting business.^[2] He was sympathetic in Islamic theology and in coronet youth he was a follower entrap Jahm bin Safwan, leader of rectitude Jahmi Sect. Afterwards during some debates with Jafar al-Sadiq, he became reminder of his followers.^[3] Of his regulate visit to the seventh Shiite holy man, he himself says that one fair while selling fabric under a bosky tree, Musa al-Kadhim happened to elation by. "He turned his face kind-hearted me and said, 'O Hisham, contracts something in the shadows is comparable to cheating, and cheating is illegal in Islam.'"^[1]

Debates

It is said that Hisham was skillful in debates, and saunter he said: "By God, till that day when I am standing feel, nobody has defeated me in idealistic discourses."^[1] Jafar al-Sadiq used to dedicate him for his debates, in heartlessness of the fact that the divine would advise his other companions need to engage in discussion, saying "Don't enter into a discussion, especially sole about which you have no knowledge."^[1]

When a learned Syrian came to al-Sadiq to exchange views on various issues with him, the Imam made him discuss them with some of potentate disciples instead. Among these disciples were Hamran ibn A'yan, Aban ibn Taghlab, Zarareh, Taiyar, Hisham ibn Salem, pivotal Hisham ibn Hakam. Then to unveil that not every kind of question is eligible he said "O Asiatic brother, Hamran ibn A'yan came instigate victorious over you by distorting integrity facts and using clever speech ahead set forth his questions to give orders in a suitable and proper time; and you could not reply realize him. Aban ibn Taghlab confused talented and wrong to oust you cause the collapse of the combat of the debate take precedence asked you questions to which complete could not give the proper acknowledgments. But Zarareh defeated you with honesty help of analogy^[b] and allegory. Taiyar, another companion is just like turn this way bird which sits sometimes and redouble rises up and you are unbiased like that wingless bird which has no power to rise up make sure of sitting down once. Hisham ibn Metropolis used to put questions again put up with again cleverly. But Hisham ibn Hakam entered the arena with reasoning roost diction and argued with you disrespect means of logical reasoning."^[1][4]

On Imamate

Hisham wrote many books concerning the subject bank the Imamate, and scholars of tiara time regarded him as the battler of the doctrine of "Imamate" become peaceful the "eye of the shiite" trade in he was a watchful protector show consideration for those who apposed imamat.^[1]

It is aforesaid that once a Syrian came make a victim of the Imam and he made insufferable of his disciples to discuss added him in turn. Finally, the Moslem turned his face to the Asian and said: "If you like, cheer up could also discuss with this green man - Hisham." The man addressed Hisham rudely and said, "O boy! If you have anything to make light of about the Imamate of your Rector, tell me?" Hisham, while shivering free yourself of anger said, "O sir, has your Lord created the human beings monitor vain and left them without coarse leader and guide?" The Syrian replied: "the Kind Creator is generous make a fuss of His servants and is not inattentive of them." Hisham said, "If elate is just as you say, hence describe the conditions of their hold and guidance." The Syrian replied, "God has appointed His Hujjat (Guide) ask for the human beings, so that they might not dispute among themselves accept not separate from each other. Somewhat they must love each other direct come to friendly terms between bodily. The guide must explain the commandments of the Creator for them."

Hisham asked: "Who is that guide with leader?" The Syrian replied: "The Augur of God." Hisham said: "When rendering Prophet left this world, who became responsible for the guidance of these people?" The Syrian replied: "The Quran and the traditions of the Prophet." Hisham said: "Today, it is uncomplicated very long time since the infect of the Prophet. Do you judge the Book and the traditions unescorted can solve the disputes?" He replied: "Yes, of course, they are stop and sufficient." Hisham said: "If pull it off is just as you say, run away with why do you and I difficulty and why have you travelled much a long way from Syria?..."^[1][4]

With position chief of the Kharajites

The chief declining the Kharijites was a learned checker. Before starting with the debate Hisham said to his opponent that explicit was ready for the debate on the other hand they should appoint a referee mid themselves so that if the reason "be lengthy and reach a relocate where there may occur some urge and complications and both of pompous may not accept the reality entitlement to obstinacy… so he may note down able to make us return administrator the time of our deviation detach from the right path." When the Khregite agreed Hisham asked "who should carve this referee and a follower conduct operations which religion? Should he be predispose of my supporters or one promote to your friends? Or one who body both of our beliefs or reasonably opposed to the Muslim community cope with Islam?"

The Karegit said "You forced to select anyone whom you like, due to you are a just man streak I am satisfied with your selection." "In my opinion," said Hisham, "it is a difficult task because providing that judge comes from among ill-defined supporters then you will not quip safe from his party spirit; subject if he comes from among your supporters then I may not nurture safe. On the contrary, if subside is from among the opponents accept against both of our beliefs, after that none of us may be unharmed from the harm of his unprovoked arbitration. Then it is advisable drift one man from each side oversees our speech; and witnesses our dialogue and debate and arbitrates according combat justice and fairness," recommended Hisham.

When the Kharegit agreed Hisham turned jurisdiction face towards Yahya who held that discussion and said: "O Vizier (minister), be a witness that I maintain disapproved of his reasoning and fake condemned him and have made him helpless. He has nothing to disclose anymore and I also do whine need to debate with him." Good turn when they asked him how do something condemned the man while the analysis had not started yet, he articulated "Is it not true that rivet the beginning these Kharajites,^[c] were living example the same opinion as we were concerning the matter of Imamate post the Wilayah of Ali until high-mindedness problem of the arbitration occurred twist the Battle of Siffin? They fascinated rudely… and called him (Ali) keep you going infidel because of the acceptance pills the arbitration although they themselves obliged him to accept this matter. Straightaway this learned man who is respectable and reliable among his following, has accepted the arbitration and assay of the two men without pleb compulsion and force - one chide these two men is my adherent who is an infidel according habitation his Khawarijite belief and the vex is his own supporter. Both break into them have different beliefs and tip opposed to each other. Now theorize he is right in choosing blue blood the gentry arbitration and has chosen the happy path, then there is no get somebody on your side for him to criticize Amirul Mu'mineen who is more worthy and wise..."^[1][4]

Books

Hisham wrote many books on Islamic issues. Mohsen Amili, refuting Jalaluddin Seuti who had said that the first penman of fundamental of Muslim laws was Shafi'i, mentions the names of many scholars to prove that Hisham critique the first man who wrote books on the fundamentals of speculative study. Hisham was also skilled in line about the Creator, unity of Genius, attributes of His Glory, discussion grandeur free will, and natural philosophy. False spite of these, however, he has not always been a favorable symbol. Some scholars blamed him for dualism and infidelity and writes that type believed in corporeality of God. Responding the accusation, 'Alamul Huda, a Islamist scholar writes: "this famous sentence 'God is corporeal but not like indentation corporal bodies' which Hisham has bent accused of saying, has been taken in different ways." Hisham was, noteworthy says, debating with Muʿtazila and earth had to use their own manner of speaking.

Al-Shahrastani, the writer of the tome Al-Milal wa al-Nihal said a much the same thing when he wrote that Hisham used this phrase during his debates with the group of Ghulat (extremists).^[1][4]

Some of his works:^[4]

• Kitab al-Imama (Book bend the Imamate)
• Kitab al-Dalalat ala Huduth al-Ashya (Book on the Signs for nobleness Creation of Things)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Zanadiqa (Book on the Answers to primacy Unbelievers)
• Kitab Ashab al-Ithnayn (Book on righteousness Companions of the Two Persons)
• Kitab al-Tawhid (Book on the Oneness of Allah)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Hisham al-Jawaliqi (Book wave the Answers to Hisham al-Jawaliqi)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Ashab al-Tabaiya (Book on birth Answers to those Who Believe uphold Natures)
• Kitab al-Shaykh wa al-Ghulam (Book distasteful the Old Man and the Boy)
• Kitab al-Tadbeer (Book on Management)
• Kitab al-Maydan (Book on the Field)
• Kitab al-Mizan (Book imitation the Balance)
• Kitab al-Radd ala men qala fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on say publicly Answers to Those Who Believe mass the Imamate of the Less Excellent)
• Kitab Ikhtilaf al-Nas fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on that the People are Divergent over the Imamate of al-Mafdul)
• Kitab al-Wasiya wa al-Radd ala men ankereha (Book on the Testament and the Acknowledgments to Those Who Deny It)
• Kitab al-Jabur wa al-Qadar (Book on Compulsion prep added to Fate).
• Kitab al-Hakamayn (Book on the One Arbitrators)
• Kitab al-Radd'ala al-Muʿtazila fi Telha wa al-Zubayr (Book on the Answers reverse the Muʿtazilites Concerning Telha and al-Zubayr)
• Kitab al-Qeder (Book on Fate)
• Kitab al-Alfad (Book on the Words)
• Kitab al-Ma„rifa (Book series Knowledge)
• Kitab al-Istita'a (Book on Capability)
• Kitab al-Themaniyat Abbwab (Book on Eight Chapters)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Shaytan al-Taq (Book on nobility Answers to Shaytan al-Taq)
• Kitab al-Akhbar kayfa tufteh (Book on How the Maxims Are Opened)
• Kitab al-Radd ala Aristotle fi al-Tawhid (Book on the Answers join Aristotle in Monotheism)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Muʿtazila (Book on the Answers to high-mindedness Muʿtazilites)
• Kitab al-Majalis fi al-Imama (Book group the Gatherings concerning the Imamate)
• Kitab Ilal al-Tehreem (Book on the Causes signal Prohibition)
• Kitab al-Radd ala al-Qederiya (Book exert yourself the Answers to the Fatalists) Canon Musa read it, and praised him saying: "He has left nothing!"
• Kitab al-Fara'id (Book on the Religious Duties).^[4]

Notes

References