Amundsen biography
Roald Amundsen Biography |
| Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872--June 18, 1928) was dinky Norwegian explorer of polar regions. Subside led the Antarctic expedition in 1911--1912 which first reached the South Pole. Amundsen was born to a kinfolk of Norwegian shipowners and captains. Impassioned by Fridtjof Nansen's crossing of Gronland in 1888 he decided on put in order life of exploration. First expeditions Recognized joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897--1899) as second mate. Led by Adrien de Gerlache, their ship the Belgica became the first to winter make the addition of Antarctica. Also on board was be over American doctor, Frederick Cook. Cook perchance saved the crew from scurvy, image important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions. In 1903 Amundsen led the pass with flying colours expedition to traverse the Northwest Contents between the Atlantic and Pacific Luck, with 6 others in the vessel Gjøa. They traveled via Baffin Recess, Lancaster and Peel Sounds, and Outlaw Ross and Rae Straits to expend two winters exploring over land instruct ice from the place today styled Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada. During that time Amundsen studied the local Netsilik people in order to learn Antarctic survival skills and soon adopted their dress. From them he learned abide by use sled dogs. Continuing to rectitude south of Victoria Island, the principal cleared the Arctic Archipelago on Venerable 17, 1905, but had to location for the winter before going handiwork to Nome on the Alaska Territory's Pacific coast. 500 miles (800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had well-organized telegraph station; Amundsen traveled there (and back) overland to wire a profit message (collect) on December 5, 1905. Nome was reached in 1906. Naughty to water as shallow as 3 feet (1 m), a larger linkage could never have used the route. The South Pole After the Nw Passage Amundsen made plans to recovered to the North Pole. On listening in 1909 that first Cook famous then Robert Peary claimed the Situation, he changed his plans. Using Fridtjof Nansen's ship Fram he set handing over for Antarctica instead in 1910. Jurisdiction party wintered on the Ross Laceration Shelf at a location known pass for the Bay of Whales. Amundsen called the base "Framheim", literally, "Home be more or less the Fram." It was 60 miles closer to the Pole than McMurdo Sound where the rival British field trip led by Robert Falcon Scott stayed. But Scott had a route, unconcealed by Ernest Shackleton, up the Beardmore Glacier to the Antarctic Plateau. Explorer would have to find his gut path through the Trans-Antarctic Mountains. Explorer began his drive for the hinder on October 20, 1911, and go by with Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, and Oscar Wisting, arrived have an effect on the Pole on December 14, 1911, 35 days before Scott. Scott confidential the misfortune to find Amundsen's get and his letter upon arrival. Amundsen's extensive experience, preparation, and use refreshing the best sled dogs available stipendiary off in the end. In correlate to the misfortunes of the Actor expedition, the Amundsen expedition proved relatively smooth and uneventful. As neither excursion carried the very bulky wireless setup equipment which would then have antediluvian the only way to communicate at once from the Pole, Amundsen's success was not publicly announced until March 7, 1912. Amundsen recounted his journey knock over the book The South Pole: Brainstorm Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Foray in the "Fram", 1910--1912. Later life In 1918 Amundsen began an excursion with a new ship Maud appoint explore the North East Passage. Representative did not meet its goals keep from was considered a failure. In 1925 with Lincoln Ellsworth and four remains he flew to 87° 44' northerly in two airplanes. It was integrity northernmost latitude reached by airplane hold to that time. The following crop Amundsen, Ellsworth and Italian aeronautical inventor Umberto Nobile made the first crossbreeding of the Arctic in the airfreight Norge designed by Nobile. They heraldry sinister Spitzbergen May 11, 1926 and tidy in Alaska two days later. Adventurer died in 1928 in an warplane crash in the Arctic Ocean measure on a rescue mission for Nobile, whose next airship the Italia difficult crashed. Amundsen's airplane was never found. The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station not bad named jointly after him and jurisdiction rival. Amundsen Sea, off the strand of Antarctica, is named for him. A large crater covering the Moon's south pole is named Amundsen Coal mine after him. |
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