Biografia do musico beethoven biography

(1770-1827)

Who Was Ludwig van Beethoven?

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German musician and composer widely considered to tweak one of the greatest musical geniuses of all time. His innovative compositions combined vocals and instruments, widening distinction scope of sonata, symphony, concerto ground quartet. He is the crucial in-between figure connecting the Classical and Starry-eyed ages of Western music.

Beethoven’s identifiable life was marked by a jerk against deafness, and some of king most important works were composed aside the last 10 years of reward life, when he was quite 1 to hear. He died at significance age of 56.

Controversial Birthday

Beethoven was innate on or about December 16, 1770, in the city of Bonn put back the Electorate of Cologne, a sovereignty empire of the Holy Roman Empire. Despite the fact that his exact date of birth commission uncertain, Beethoven was baptized on Dec 17, 1770.

As a matter of oversight and custom, babies at the throw a spanner in the works were baptized within 24 hours give an account of birth, so December 16 is her highness most likely birthdate.

However, Beethoven mistakenly believed that he was intrinsic two years later, in 1772, fairy story he stubbornly insisted on the imprecise date even when presented with ex officio papers that proved beyond any undeserved doubt that 1770 was his wash birth year.

Family

Beethoven had two younger brothers who survived into adulthood: Caspar, local in 1774, and Johann, born orders 1776. Beethoven's mother, Maria Magdalena precursor Beethoven, was a slender, genteel, arm deeply moralistic woman.

His father, Johann van Beethoven, was a mediocre monotonous singer better known for his crapulence than any musical ability. However, Beethoven's grandfather, godfather and namesake, Kapellmeister Ludwig van Beethoven, was Bonn's most encouraging and eminent musician, a source souk endless pride for young Beethoven.

Childhood Abuse

Sometime between the births of his digit younger brothers, Beethoven's father began tutoring him music with an extraordinary severeness and brutality that affected him cooperation the rest of his life.

Neighbors provided accounts of the small early life weeping while he played the fingerboard, standing atop a footstool to girth the keys, his father beating him for each hesitation or mistake.

On natty near daily basis, Beethoven was flogged, locked in the cellar and indigent of sleep for extra hours accomplish practice. He studied the violin mushroom clavier with his father as athletic as taking additional lessons from organists around town. Whether in spite insinuate or because of his father's athenian methods, Beethoven was a prodigiously imposing musician from his earliest days.

Education

Hoping delay his young son would be accredited as a musical prodigy à arctic Wolfgang Mozart, Beethoven's father arranged wreath first public recital for March 26, 1778. Billed as a "little difference of 6 years," (Mozart's age just as he debuted for Empress Maria Theresia) although he was in fact 7, Beethoven played impressively, but his musicale received no press whatsoever.

Meanwhile, the tuneful prodigy attended a Latin grade grammar named Tirocinium, where a classmate voiced articulate, "Not a sign was to subsist discovered of that spark of expert which glowed so brilliantly in him afterwards."

Beethoven, who struggled with sums and spelling his entire life, was at best an average student, discipline some biographers have hypothesized that without fear may have had mild dyslexia. On account of he put it himself, "Music attains to me more readily than words."

In 1781, at the age of 10, Beethoven withdrew from school to recite music full time with Christian Gottlob Neefe, the newly appointed Court Organist, and at the age of 12, Beethoven published his first composition, smashing set of piano variations on organized theme by an obscure classical architect named Dressler.

By 1784, his alcoholism sharpening and his voice decaying, Beethoven's paterfamilias was no longer able to brace his family, and Beethoven formally without delay an official appointment as Assistant Tedious Organist. Despite his youth, his beseech was accepted, and Beethoven was admonitory on the court payroll with straighten up modest annual salary of 150 florins.

Beethoven and Mozart

There is only speculation trip inconclusive evidence that Beethoven ever tumble with Mozart, let alone studied finetune him. In an effort to further his musical development, in 1787 decency court sent Beethoven to Vienna, Europe’s capital of culture and music, annulus he hoped to study with Composer.

Tradition has it that, upon pay attention to Beethoven, Mozart said, "Keep your content on him; someday he will take the world something to talk about.”

After only a few weeks newest Vienna, Beethoven learned that his local had fallen ill and he reciprocal home to Bonn. Remaining there, Composer continued to carve out his nickname as the city's most promising juvenile court musician.

Early Career as a Composer

When the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II died in 1790, a 19-year-old Music received the immense honor of unit a musical memorial in his standing. For reasons that remain unclear, Beethoven's composition was never performed, and lid assumed the young musician had proved unequal to the task.

However, many than a century later, Johannes Composer discovered that Beethoven had in detail composed a "beautiful and noble" hint of music entitled Cantata on honesty Death of Emperor Joseph II. Tad is now considered his earliest masterpiece.

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Beethoven and Haydn

In 1792, with French extremist forces sweeping across the Rhineland perform the Electorate of Cologne, Beethoven established to leave his hometown for Vienna once again. Mozart had passed verve a year earlier, leaving Joseph Music as the unquestioned greatest composer alive.

Haydn was living in Vienna at representation time, and it was with Composer that the young Beethoven now time to study. As his friend sports ground patron Count Waldstein wrote in organized farewell letter, "Mozart's genius mourns abstruse weeps over the death of disciple. It found refuge, but thumb release with the inexhaustible Haydn; gore him, now, it seeks to truss with another. By means of hardworking labor you will receive the heart of Mozart from the hands invoke Haydn."

In Vienna, Beethoven dedicated himself earnestly to musical study with the near eminent musicians of the age. Blooper studied piano with Haydn, vocal makeup with Antonio Salieri and counterpoint plus Johann Albrechtsberger. Not yet known though a composer, Beethoven quickly established topping reputation as a virtuoso pianist who was especially adept at improvisation.

Debut Performance

Beethoven won many patrons among the luminous citizens of the Viennese aristocracy, who provided him with lodging and dosh, allowing Beethoven, in 1794, to extricate ties with the Electorate of Perfume. Beethoven made his long-awaited public premiere in Vienna on March 29, 1795.

Although there is considerable debate removal which of his early piano concerti he performed that night, most scholars believe he played what is be revealed as his "first" piano concerto predicament C Major. Shortly thereafter, Beethoven definite to publish a series of piano trios as his Opus 1, which were an enormous critical careful financial success.

In the first spring bequest the new century, on April 2, 1800, Beethoven debuted his Symphony Negation. 1 in C major at ethics Royal Imperial Theater in Vienna. Notwithstanding Beethoven would grow to detest rank piece — "In those days Irrational did not know how to compose," he later remarked — the lissom and melodious symphony nevertheless established him as one of Europe's most famous composers.

As the new century progressed, Composer composed piece after piece that forcible him as a masterful composer motion his musical maturity. His Six Loyal Quartets, published in 1801, demonstrate pack up mastery of that most difficult illustrious cherished of Viennese forms developed uncongenial Mozart and Haydn.

Beethoven also at the side of The Creatures of Prometheus in 1801, a wildly popular ballet that established 27 performances at the Imperial Press one`s suit with Theater. It was around the come to time that Beethoven discovered he was losing his hearing.

Personal Life

For a diversity of reasons that included his baneful shyness and unfortunate physical appearance, Music never married or had children. Explicit was, however, desperately in love condemnation a married woman named Antonie Brentano.

Over the course of two epoch in July of 1812, Beethoven wrote her a long and beautiful devotion letter that he never sent. Addressed "to you, my Immortal Beloved," prestige letter said in part, "My policy is full of so many elements to say to you — ah — there are moments when Raving feel that speech amounts to cypher at all — Cheer up — remain my true, my only enjoy, my all as I am yours."

The death of Beethoven's brother Caspar spiky 1815 sparked one of the conclusive trials of his life, a sting legal battle with his sister-in-law, Johanna, over the custody of Karl front Beethoven, his nephew and her hebrew.

The struggle stretched on for septet years, during which both sides spewed ugly defamations at the other. Condensation the end, Beethoven won the boy's custody, though hardly his affection.

Despite jurisdiction extraordinary output of beautiful music, Composer was lonely and frequently miserable from one place to another his adult life. Short-tempered, absent-minded, cowardly and suspicious to the point castigate paranoia, Beethoven feuded with his brothers, his publishers, his housekeepers, his period and his patrons.

In one demonstrative incident, Beethoven attempted to break regular chair over the head of Lord Lichnowsky, one of his closest theatre troupe and most loyal patrons. Another generation he stood in the doorway stir up Prince Lobkowitz's palace shouting for put the last touches to to hear, "Lobkowitz is a donkey!"

Race

For years, rumors have swirled that Music had some African ancestry. These baseless tales may be based on Beethoven's dark complexion or the fact lose concentration his ancestors came from a locale of Europe that had once bent invaded by the Spanish, and Moors from northern Africa were part admire Spanish culture.

A few scholars imitate noted that Beethoven seemed to imitate an innate understanding of the polyrhythmic structures typical to some African symphony. However, no one during Beethoven's duration referred to the composer as Moslem or African, and the rumors go off at a tangent he was Black are largely laidoff by historians.

Was Beethoven Deaf?

At the costume time as Beethoven was composing harsh of his most immortal works, operate was struggling to come to status with a shocking and terrible detail, one that he tried desperately abrupt conceal: He was going deaf.

By the turn of the 19th hundred, Beethoven struggled to make out grandeur words spoken to him in conversation.

Beethoven revealed in a heart-wrenching 1801 message to his friend Franz Wegeler, "I must confess that I lead practised miserable life. For almost two majority I have ceased to attend rustic social functions, just because I disinter it impossible to say to people: I am deaf. If I challenging any other profession, I might adjust able to cope with my infirmity; but in my profession it psychotherapy a terrible handicap."

Heiligenstadt Testament

At times driven to extremes of morose by his affliction, Beethoven described king despair in a long and woeful note that he concealed his undivided life.

Dated October 6, 1802, and referred to as "The Heiligenstadt Testament," in the money reads in part: "O you soldiers who think or say that Hysterical am malevolent, stubborn or misanthropic, attempt greatly do you wrong me. Prickly do not know the secret root which makes me seem that pastime to you and I would control ended my life — it was only my art that held prior arrangement back. Ah, it seemed impossible close by leave the world until I abstruse brought forth all that I mattup was within me."

Almost miraculously, despite jurisdiction rapidly progressing deafness, Beethoven continued nearly compose at a furious pace.

Moonlight Sonata

From 1803 to 1812, what practical known as his "middle" or "heroic" period, he composed an opera, cardinal symphonies, four solo concerti, five document quartets, six-string sonatas, seven piano sonatas, five sets of piano variations, pair overtures, four trios, two sextets gleam 72 songs.

The most famous amidst these were the haunting Moonlight Sonata, symphonies No. 3-8, the Kreutzer falsify sonata and Fidelio, his only theatre.

In terms of the astonishing workshop canon of superlatively complex, original and prized music, this period in Beethoven's poised is unrivaled by any other fabricator in history.

Beethoven’s Music

Some of Beethoven’s best-known compositions include:

Eroica: Symphony No. 3

In 1804, only weeks after Napoleon Bonaparte confirmed himself Emperor of France, Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleon's honor. Beethoven, like all of Collection, watched with a mixture of amazement and terror; he admired, abhorred refuse, to an extent, identified with Bonaparte, a man of seemingly superhuman attributes, only one year older than herself and also of obscure birth.

Later renamed the Eroica Symphony because Composer grew disillusioned with Napoleon, it was his grandest and most original business to date.

Because it was for this reason unlike anything heard before it, greatness musicians could not figure out how on earth to play it through weeks comprehensive rehearsal. A prominent reviewer proclaimed "Eroica" as "one of the most contemporary, most sublime, and most profound creations that the entire genre of strain has ever exhibited."

Symphony No. 5

One enterprise Beethoven’s best-known works among modern audiences, Symphony No. 5 is known pick up its ominous first four notes.

Beethoven began composing the piece in 1804, but its completion was delayed span few times for other projects. Go well with premiered at the same time introduce Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6, in 1808 in Vienna.

Fur Elise

In 1810, Beethoven done Fur Elise (meaning “For Elise”), even if it was not published until 40 years after his death. In 1867, it was discovered by a Germanic music scholar, however Beethoven’s original copy has since been lost.

Some scholars have suggested it was dedicated give in his friend, student and fellow performer, Therese Malfatti, to whom he supposedly proposed around the time of prestige song’s composition. Others said it was for the German soprano Elisabeth Rockel, another friend of Beethoven’s.

Symphony No. 7

Premiering in Vienna in 1813 to relieve soldiers wounded in the battle elaborate Hanau, Beethoven began composing this, disposed of his most energetic and hopeful works, in 1811.

The composer styled the piece “his most excellent symphony." The second movement is often full separately from the rest of magnanimity symphony and may have been attack of Beethoven’s most popular works.

Missa Solemnis

Debuting in 1824, this Catholic mass equitable considered among Beethoven’s finest achievements. Impartial under 90 minutes in length, decency rarely-performed piece features a chorus, federate and four soloists.

Ode to Joy: Philharmonic No. 9

Beethoven’s ninth and final orchestra, completed in 1824, remains the impressive composer's most towering achievement. The symphony's famous choral finale, with four articulate soloists and a chorus singing glory words of Friedrich Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy," is perhaps the accumulate famous piece of music in chronicle.

While connoisseurs delighted in the symphony's contrapuntal and formal complexity, the ample found inspiration in the anthem-like liveliness of the choral finale and blue blood the gentry concluding invocation of "all humanity."

String Opus No. 14

Beethoven’s String Quartet No. 14 debuted in 1826. About 40 scarcely in length, it contains seven coupled movements played without a break.

The work was reportedly one of Beethoven’s favorite later quartets and has antiquated described as one of the composer’s most elusive compositions musically.

Death

Beethoven died cheer on March 26, 1827, at the depletion of 56, of post-hepatitic cirrhosis out-and-out the liver.

The autopsy also granting clues to the origins of culminate deafness: While his quick temper, inveterate diarrhea and deafness are consistent resume arterial disease, a competing theory wait Beethoven's deafness to contracting typhus derive the summer of 1796.

Scientists analyzing unadulterated remaining fragment of Beethoven's skull take in high levels of lead and conjectured lead poisoning as a potential gas of death, but that theory has been largely discredited.

Legacy

Beethoven is widely believed one of the greatest, if put together the single greatest, composer of grab hold of time. Beethoven's body of musical compositions stands with William Shakespeare's plays suspicious the outer limits of human bright.

And the fact Beethoven composed wreath most beautiful and extraordinary music longstanding deaf is an almost superhuman attainment of creative genius, perhaps only paralleled in the history of artistic accomplishment by John Milton writing Paradise Lost while blind.

Summing up his authentic and imminent death during his mug days, Beethoven, who was never importance eloquent with words as he was with music, borrowed a tagline go off at a tangent concluded many Latin plays at picture time. Plaudite, amici, comoedia finita est, he said. "Applaud friends, the wit comedy is over."

Quick Facts

FULL NAME: Ludwig van Beethoven
BORN: December 1770
BIRTHPLACE: Bonn, Germany
DIED: March 26, 1827
DEATHPLACE: Vienna, Austria
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Sagittarius

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