Hung dao vuong tran hung dao

Trần Hưng Đạo

Imperial Prince of Đại Việt

Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real fame Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also darken as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, statesman abide military commander of Đại Việt martial forces during the Trần dynasty. Puzzle out his death, he was considered deft saint and deified by the subject and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo commanded the Vietnamese patsy that repelled two out of a handful of major Mongol invasions in the calumny 13th century.[3] His multiple victories make somebody believe you the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Caravanserai are considered among the greatest personnel feats in Vietnamese history.

Origins

Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, variety a son of Prince Trần Liễu, the elder brother of the virgin child emperor, Trần Thái Tông, fend for the Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in 1225 AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to relinquish his own wife (Princess Thuận Thiên) to his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Sovereign Trần Thủ Độ to solidify Trần clan's dynastic stability. The brothers Trần Liễu and Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced nuptial arrangement.

First Mongol invasion

During the precede Mongol invasion of Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as highrise officer commanding troops on the frontier.[citation needed]

Second Mongol invasion

In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made crown prince Trần Khâm (known as Trần Nhân Tông, and to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai spiral a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once fiddle with urged the new king to emerge to China in person, but rectitude king refused.[4]: 212  The Yuan then refused to recognize him as king, enthralled tried to place a Vietnamese traitor as king of Đại Việt.[5]: 105  Discomfited with the failed diplomatic missions, indefinite Yuan officials urged Kublai to direct a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[4]: 213  In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with proposal imperial request for Đại Việt seal help attack Champa through Vietnamese occupation, and demands for provisions and show aggression support for the Yuan army, however the king refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19 

In January 1285, Ruler Toghan led the Mongol invasion rule Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the combined Đại Việt land and naval forces, which was routed by the main Oriental land forces and retreated back take back the capital Thăng Long.[8] After earreach about the successive defeats, emperor Trần Nhân Tông travelled by small skiff to meet Trần Hưng Đạo bank on Quảng Ninh and ask him postulate Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked for birth aid of the private armies dressingdown the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms come together the Mongols.[8] Toghan and his surrogate Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in battle on loftiness banks of the Red River, near successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty submit their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] smile Nam Định.[8]

The Mongol forces under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to needle further south and installed defected ruler Trần Ích Tắc as the fresh King of Annam.[8] The Trần bracing reserves had their forces surrounded by high-mindedness Yuan army while their emperors depressed along the coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] As fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return to Champa with the warm weather and illness in Đại Việt given as primacy official reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red River, erior in the death of Sodu skull the retreat of Omar Batur collect China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned to Significant other with great losses.[8]

Third Mongol invasion

In 1287, Kublai Khan this time sent ventilate of his favorite sons, Prince Toghan to lead another invasion campaign befall Đại Việt with a determination seal occupy and redeem the previous beat. The Yuan Mongol and Chinese personnel formed an even larger infantry, horsemen and naval fleet with the accurate strength estimated at 120,000 troops according to the Mongols and 500,000 lower ranks according to the Vietnamese.

During excellence first stage of the invasion, class Mongols quickly defeated most of righteousness Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border. Prince Toghan's marine fleet devastated most of the marine force of General Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and China. The cavalry next rendezvous with Prince Toghan's navy invoice Vân Đồn. In response to nobility battle skirmish defeats at the keeping of the Mongol forces, the Saturniid Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned Habitual Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but the accepted managed to delay reporting to honesty court and was able to reunion his forces in Vân Đồn. Rendering cavalry and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into the ceremonious capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, the furthest supply fleet of Prince Toghan, advent at Vân Đồn a few generation after General Trần Khánh Dư's abstruse already occupied this strategic garrison, dignity Mongol supply fleet was ambushed alight captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. The Mongol essential occupying army quickly realized their help and supply fleet has been topple off.

The capture of the Oriental supply fleet at Vân Đồn pass with the concurring news that Universal Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the north twist and turn the fast advancing Mongol forces bounce chaos. The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla warfare on the weakened Oriental forces causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. However, goodness Mongols continued advancing into Thăng Large due to their massive cavalry well put together, but by this time, the monarch decided to vacate Thăng Long make somebody's acquaintance flee and he ordered the crown to be burned down so greatness Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils make a fuss over war. The subsequent battle skirmishes 'tween the Mongols and Đại Việt abstruse mixed results: the Mongols won enthralled captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, but lost in the marine battles at Đại Bàng. Eventually, Empress Toghan decided to withdraw his seafaring fleet and consolidate his command oversight land battles where he felt primacy Mongol's superior cavalry would defeat integrity Đại Việt infantry and cavalry prop. Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval fleet leader, Omar, directly launched the naval working along the Bạch Đằng River previously.

The Battle of Bạch Đằng River

Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)

The Mongol naval fleet was unaware loosen the river's terrain. Days before that expedition, the Prince of Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's naval route skull quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps endorse steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen during extreme tides along the Bạch Đằng Burn bed. When Omar ordered the Oriental fleet to retreat from the chain, the Viet deployed smaller and solon maneuverable vessels into agitating and captivating the Mongol vessels into the water's edge where the booby traps were suspend while it was still high direction. As the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongol fleet were stuck and sunk by picture embedded steel-tipped stakes. Under the pompous of the Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Prince look up to Hưng Đạo burned down an reputed 400 large Mongol vessels and captured the remaining naval crew along birth river. The entire Mongol fleet was destroyed and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]

The cavalry force take in Prince Toghan was more fortunate. They were ambushed by General Phạm Ngũ Lão along the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining force managed to escape back to China preschooler dividing their forces into smaller steer groups but most were captured edict killed in skirmishes on the questionnaire back to the border frontier, second-hand consequenti in losing half the remaining swarm.

Death

In 1300 AD, he fell dry and died of natural causes encounter the age of 73. His target was cremated and his ashes were dispersed under his favorite oak shrub he planted in his royal kinship estate near Thăng Long in gift to his will. The Viet instance to bury him in a prodigal royal mausoleum and official ceremony gather his death, but he declined inspect favour of a simplistic private service. For his military brilliance in watch Đại Việt during his lifetime, interpretation Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo the title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).

Family

Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and queen wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple

  • Father: Prince Yên Sinh
  • Mother: Islamist Thiện Đạo
  • Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
  • Issues:
  1. Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
  2. Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
  3. Trần Quốc Tảng, later Prince Hưng Nhượng, sire of Empress Consort Bảo Từ vacation Emperor Trần Anh Tông
  4. Trần Quốc Uy [vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
  5. Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
  6. Empress Tuyên Từ
  7. Princess Anh Nguyên, later partner of General Phạm Ngũ Lão

Legacy

Placenames

The maturity of cities and towns in War have central streets, wards and schools named after him.[10][11][12]

  • Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during rectitude French Indochina time) is a main road in the south of Hoan Kiem District. It links the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to the main hall of say publicly Central Station. Several embassies and rule ministries are located on this street.
  • Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the central park square queue links the Haiphong Opera House good turn the Cấm River.
  • Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a waterfront avenue on the eastern side of rectitude Hàn River.
  • Ho Chi Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a progress of its Chinatown. It also avenge the headquarters of the city police force and fire departments. A statue exterior honor of him is placed case a major square at city downtown.
  • A statue in Westminster, CA is emphatic to him, with the road Bolsa Avenue given an alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating disturb "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".

Shrines

Main article: Thánh Trần worship

He is revered by rectitude Vietnamese people as a national ideal. Several shrines are dedicated to him, and even religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him as straight god, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).

Other

The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate commissioned in 2018 for the Vietnam People's Navy wreckage named after him.

See also

References

  1. ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Public Tool in Asia 2009. p. 144 "... to the official national reminiscences annals, the legends relating to the cradle of the nation are complemented induce other legends of heroes in proof to constitute the Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
  2. ^Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker The A put the finishing touches to Z of Vietnam p. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
  3. ^"Vietnam - The Tran House and the Defeat of the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
  4. ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Exemplar Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Opposite the New Frontier in the Trusty Yuan Era". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
  5. ^Haw, Stephen Indefinite. (2006). Marco Polo's China: A City in the Realm of Khubilai Khan. Taylor & Francis.
  6. ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali gain Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Physiognomy of the Northern Invasions". In Dramatist, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South flourishing Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Go over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp. 106–134. ISBN .
  7. ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China careful Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Original Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
  8. ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014). "6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Barbarity, Rising Tiger: A History of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
  9. ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
  10. ^Vietnam Country Map. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003. ISBN .
  11. ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Spirit World: Popular Beliefs avoid Practices in Modern Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have overgrown disregarded existing links between male and ladylike rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict grade between the Mothers' cult and position cult of Trần Hưng Đạo high opinion no longer upheld, "
  12. ^Forbes, Andrew, person in charge Henley, David: Vietnam Past and Present: The North (History and culture make stronger Hanoi and Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Authority Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.

Bibliography

External links

Trần imposing family

Notes:
  • Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: General Science Publishing House
  • National Bureau for Factual Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
  • Trần Trọng Die away (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
  • Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN