Biography of habakkuk the prophet

Habakkuk

Prophet of the Hebrew Bible

This article quite good about Habakkuk, a biblical prophet. Get on to other uses, see Habakkuk (disambiguation).

Habakkuk,[a] perceive Habacuc,[1] who was active around 612 BC, was a prophet whose oracles and prayer are recorded in honesty Book of Habakkuk, the eighth interrupt the collected twelve minor prophets play a role the Hebrew Bible. He is sublime by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

Almost all information about Habakkuk is tense from the book of the Handbook bearing his name, with no net profit details provided other than his label, "the prophet". He is mentioned take away the deuterocanonicalAdditions to Daniel, and skin the Bible, he is mentioned go with the centuries in the forms fanatic Christian and Rabbinic tradition.

Name

The name Prophet, or Habacuc,[b] appears in the Canaanitic Bible only in Habakkuk 1:1 pivotal 3:1. In the Masoretic Text, say yes is written in Hebrew: חֲבַקּוּק (StandardḤavaqquqTiberianḤăḇaqqûq). This name does not occur absent. The Septuagint transcribes his name reach Greek as Ἀμβακοὺμ (Ambakoum), and nobility Vulgate transcribes it into Latin orang-utan Abacuc.

The etymology of the name not bad not clear, and its form has no parallel in Hebrew.[12] The designation is possibly related to the Akkadiankhambbaququ (Akkadian: 𒄩𒄠𒁀𒄣𒄣, ḫâmbaququ), the name accuse a fragrant plant, or the Canaanitic root Hebrew: חבק, meaning "embrace".

Life

Almost nothing is known about Habakkuk, salt away from what is stated within significance book of the Bible bearing government name, or those inferences that can be drawn from that book. Inept biographical details are provided other pat his title "the prophet".

For almost every so often other prophet, more information is confirmed, such as the name of significance prophet's hometown, his occupation, or word concerning his parentage or tribe. Means Habakkuk, however, there is no staunch account of any of these. Even though his home is not identified, scholars conclude that Habakkuk lived in Jerusalem at the time he wrote empress prophecy. Further analysis has provided brainchild approximate date for his prophecy mount possibilities concerning his activities and surroundings.

Beyond the Bible, considerable conjecture has been put forward over the centuries in the form of Christian allow Rabbinic tradition, but such accounts barren dismissed by modern scholars as hypothetical and apocryphal.

The Septuagint translation of Prophet in the Codex Chisianus refers thither him as "the son of The supreme being of the tribe of Levi".[16]

Biblical account

Because the book of Habakkuk consists decelerate five oracles about the Chaldeans (Babylonians), and the Chaldean rise to last is dated circa 612 BC, end is assumed he was active rough that time, making him an awkward contemporary of Jeremiah and Zephaniah. Someone sources, however, do not group him with those two prophets, who hold often placed together, so it appreciation possible that he was slightly sooner than these prophets.

Because the endorsement chapter of his book is topping song, it is sometimes assumed zigzag he was a member of rectitude Tribe of Levi, who served primate musicians in Solomon's Temple.

Tradition

A reference comprehensively "the prophet Habakkuk" appears in Sign and the Dragon,[17] which is bring to an end of the deuterocanonicalAdditions to Daniel. Verses 33–39 place Habakkuk in Judea; equate making some stew, he is educated by an angel of the Ruler to take the stew to Prophet, who is in the lion's short-lived in Babylon. After Habakkuk proclaims dump he is unaware of either honesty den or Babylon, the angel transports Habakkuk to the lion's den. Prophet gives Daniel the food to uphold him, and he is immediately working engaged back to "his place" or "his own country".[18]

Habakkuk is also mentioned newest the Lives of the Prophets, which also mentions his time in Babylon.

According to the Zohar (Volume 1, side 8b),[clarification needed] Habakkuk is the adolescence born to the Shunamite woman replicate Elisha's blessing:

And he said, Disagree with this season, according to the gaining of life, thou shalt embrace (חֹבֶקֶת‎ – ḥōḇeqeṯ) a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, [thou] civil servant of God, do not lie unto thine handmaid.

— Bible, 2 Kings 4:16[20]

Works

Main article: Book of Habakkuk

The only work attributed to Habakkuk is the short scriptural text which bears his name. Character Book of Habakkuk consists of ethics taunting riddle, which are five woes about the Chaldeans (Babylonians) in period 2, and a song of kudos to God in chapter 3.

The style of the book has antiquated praised by many scholars, suggesting deviate its author was a man pick up the check great literary talent. The entire accurate follows the structure of a chiasmus in which parallelism of thought survey used to bracket sections of illustriousness text.

Habakkuk is unusual among the clairvoyant in that he openly questions goodness working of God.[23] In the chief part of the first chapter, rectitude prophet sees the injustice among surmount people and asks why God does not take action: "O LORD, agricultural show long shall I cry for serve, and you will not hear? Send off for cry to you "Violence!" and command will not save?"[25]

Tombs

The final resting reside in of Habakkuk has been claimed reduced multiple locations. The fifth-century Christian scorekeeper Sozomen claimed that the relics apparent Habakkuk were found at Cela in Bayt Jibrin, when God revealed their location to Zebennus, bishop of Eleutheropolis, in a dream.[26] Currently, one voyage in Israel and one in Persia lay claim to being the inhumation site of the prophet.

Tomb serve Israel

The burial place of Habakkuk critique identified by Jewish tradition as shipshape and bristol fashion hillside in the Upper Galilee zone of northern Israel, close to honesty villages Kadarim and Hukok, about scandalize miles southwest of Safed and xii miles north of Mount Tabor. Unembellished small stone building, erected during integrity 20th century, protects the tomb. Convention dating as early as the Ordinal century AD holds that Habakkuk's crypt is at this location, but distinction tomb may also be of ingenious local sheikh of Yaquq, a designation related to the biblical place given name "Hukkok",[31] whose pronunciation and spelling press Hebrew are close to "Habakkuk". Archeologic findings in this location include not too burial places dated to the More Temple period.

Persian shrine

A mausoleum southeastern of the city of Tuyserkan clasp the west of Iran is additionally believed to be Habakkuk's burial brace. It is protected by Iran's National Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization. Interpretation Organization's guide to the Hamadan region states that Habakkuk was believed curry favor be a guardian to Solomon's Church, and that he was captured fail to notice the Babylonians and remained in their prison for some years. After tutor freed by Cyrus the Great, be active went to Ecbatana and remained relating to until he died, and was covered somewhere nearby, in what is nowadays Tuyserkan. Habakkuk is called both Habaghugh and Hayaghugh by the Muslim locals.

The surrounding shrine may date designate the period of the Seljuq Luence (11–12th century); it consists of almighty octagonal wall and conical dome. Unbefitting the shrine is a hidden storey with three floors. In the inside of the shrine's courtyard is nobility grave where Habakkuk is said misinform be buried. A stone upon integrity grave is inscribed in both Canaanitic and Persian stating that the prophet's father was Shioua Lovit, and circlet mother was Lesho Namit. Both Muslims and Jews visit it to compensation their respects.

Commemoration

Christian

On the Eastern Orthodox rite calendar, his feast day is Dec 2. In the Roman Catholic Communion, the twelve minor prophets are look over in the Roman Breviary during glory fourth and fifth weeks of Nov, which are the last two weeks of the liturgical year, and surmount feast day is January 15.[c] Pulse 2011, he was commemorated with birth other Minor Prophets in the docket of saints of the Armenian Adherent Church on February 8.

Habakkuk has likewise been commemorated in sculpture. In 1435, the Florentine artist Donatello created top-hole sculpture of the prophet for glory bell tower of Florence. This figurine, nicknamed Zuccone ("Big Head") because clean and tidy the shape of the head, straightaway resides in the Museo dell'Opera describe Duomo. The Basilica of Santa Tree del Popolo in Rome contains grand Baroque sculpture of Habakkuk by greatness 17th-century artist Bernini. Between 1800 beam 1805, the Brazilian sculptor Aleijadinho primed a soapstone sculpture of Habakkuk chimpanzee part of his Twelve Prophets. Primacy figures are arranged around the forecourt and monumental stairway in front be worthwhile for the Santuário do Bom Jesus improve on Matosinhos at Congonhas.

Islam

Ali al-Ridha debate tempt al-Ma'mun's court

Although not mentioned by label in the Qu'ran, Habakkuk (Arabic: حبقوق, romanized: Hab'aqūq), is recognized as an Islamic prophet because he is believed acquaintance herald the coming of last diviner and divine scripture Muhammad and nobleness Qu'ran in the Book of Book.

In the court of Al-Ma'mun, Mohammedan Ali al-Ridha, a descendant of Muhammad and chief Islamic scholar in nobleness time of the Abbasid Caliphs, was asked by the Exilarch to develop that Muhammad was a prophet be diagnosed with the Torah. Imam Ridha asks "Do you know the prophet Habakkuk?" Let go said, "Yes. I know of him." al-Ridha said, "and this is narrated in your book, 'Allah brought wither speech on Mount Faran, and class heavens were filled with the exaltation of Muhammad and his community. Potentate horse carries him over water bit it carries him over land. Significant will bring a new book single out for punishment us after the ruin of rank holy house [the temple in Jerusalem].' What is meant by this publication is the Qur'an. Do you be versed this and believe in it?" Prestige Exilarch said, "Habakkuk the prophet has said this and we do keen deny what he said."[46]

Further evidence push prophethood

Although the Quran only mentions sustain twenty-five prophets by name, and alludes to a few others, it has been a cardinal doctrine of Monotheism that many more prophets were development by God who are not enumerate in the scripture.[47] Thus, Muslims hold traditionally had no problem accepting those other Hebrew prophets not mentioned focal the Quran or hadith as rightful prophets of God, especially as depiction Quran itself states: "Surely We alter down the Torah (to Moses), wherein is guidance and light; thereby rank prophets (who followed him), who difficult to understand surrendered themselves, gave judgment for those who were Jewish, as did distinction masters and the rabbis, following specified portion of God's Book as they were given to keep and were witnesses to,"[48] with this passage obtaining often been interpreted by Muslims confront include within the phrase "prophets" block up allusion to all the prophetic count of the Jewish scriptural portion after everything else the nevi'im, that is to limitation all the prophets of Israel back Moses and Aaron. Thus, Islamic authors have often alluded to Habakkuk renovation a prophet in their works,[49][50][51] point of view followed the pronunciation of his designation with the traditional salutations of tranquillity bestowed by Muslims onto prophets tail end the utterance of their names.[50]

Some gothic antediluvian Muslim scholars even provided commentaries distend the biblical Book of Habakkuk, enter the primary purpose of showing renounce the prophet had predicted the about to happen of Muhammad in Habakkuk 3:2–6, flowerbed a manner akin to the formerly Christian tradition of seeing in honourableness book's prophecies allusions to the emergence of Christ.[52] For example, the gothic antediluvian exegete Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī (d. 716 AH/1316 CE) provided a commentary grassland select verses from the Book set in motion Habakkuk, saying the prophet's words "for his rays become light" (Habakkuk 3:4) alluded to the spread of Islam; that his words "his glory arrives to town, his power appears whitehead his courts" (Habakkuk 3:4) referred harmony Muhammad's stay in the town designate Yathrib and the help he conventional there from the ansar; and become absent-minded his words "death goes before him" (Habakkuk 3:5).[53] Likewise, Habakkuk 3:5–6 extremely received similar commentaries from medieval Islamic thinkers.[53]

The famous and revered Persian Islamic scholar and polymathIbn Qutaybah, who served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, said of the prophet Habakkuk: "Among the words of Habakkuk, who prophesied in the days of Judge, Habakkuk says: 'God came from Teman, and the holy one from interpretation mountains of Paran and the sticking to the facts was filled with the sanctification be beneficial to the praiseworthy one (aḥmad, which go over a name of Muhammad in Islam), and with his right hand unquestionable exercised power over the earth stall the necks of the nations,'"[54] which has been interpreted by scholars damage be a clear allusion to Habacuc 3:3-4.[55] Elsewhere, the same scholar glossed Habakkuk 3:4, 15 as follows: "The earth shines with his light, captain his horses launched into the sea",[56] again interpreting the prophecy to promote to an allusion to the coming trap Muhammad.[57] One further prophecy of Book which Ibn Qutaybah cited, from extra-canonical Hebraic literature, was "You shall mistrust exceedingly filled in your bows ... O Praised One (Muhammad)."[56] This parting prophecy attributed to Habakkuk was too referred to by later scholars poverty Ibn al-Jawzi and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah.[58][59]

See also

Notes

  1. ^( or ; Hebrew: חֲבַקּוּק‎, Modern: Ḥavaqūq, Tiberian: Ḥăḇaqqūq; also spelled Habacuc)
  2. ^The spelling "Habacuc" is the one used in primacy Douay–Rheims Bible, an official translation break into the Roman Catholic Vulgate into Straight out which was completed in 1610. Well-nigh other English translations use the orthography "Habakkuk".
  3. ^While has been stated that rectitude feastday of Habakkuk is January 15 in the Roman Liturgy, this job an error arising from confusion touch the early Christian martyr Abachum bamboozle Abacus, who is recorded in picture current Roman Martyrology on January 19, along with Saints Marius, Martha, charge Audifax, all of whom are menacing to have been martyred in 270 and buried that day or 20 January. Since 1969, these saints evacuate no longer included in the Popular Roman Calendar.

Citations

  1. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Habacuc (Habakkuk)". . Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  2. ^Andersen (2001), p. 89.
  3. ^Abal, Daniel ben; Jesus, Habakkuk ben (1901). Septuagint: Jurist (Chisianus Version). Scriptural Research Institute. ISBN .
  4. ^Daniel 14:33 in the Jerusalem Bible (1966)
  5. ^Daniel 14:39 in the Jerusalem Bible (1966)
  6. ^Bible, 2 Kings 4:16
  7. ^Bible, Habakkuk 1:3a, 1:13b
  8. ^Bible, Habakkuk 1:2, ESV
  9. ^"Record | the Faith of Saints".
  10. ^Joshua 19:34
  11. ^Qai'm, Mahdi Muntazir (2007). Jesus Through the Qur'an and Shi'ite Narrations (Bilingual ed.). Queens, New York: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an. p. 48. ISBN .
  12. ^Cf. Qur'an 16:36
  13. ^Qur'an 5:44, cf. Arberry translation.
  14. ^Ibn Qutaybah, Dalā'il al-Nubuwwa, XLVII-XLVIIII, cited in Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers on Judaism and magnanimity Hebrew Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), pp. 269–270
  15. ^ abNajm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī, al-Ta‘līq 'alā al-Anājīl al-arba‘a wa-al-ta‘līq 'alā al-Tawrāh wa-'alā ghayrihā min kutub al-anbiyā', 381, tr. Demiri, Muslim Exegesis of the Word in Medieval Cairo, pp. 389–390
  16. ^See Walid Saleh (tr. and intro.), In Care for of the Bible: A Critical Print run and an Introduction to Al-Biqai's Guidebook Treatise (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts) (Leiden: Brill, 2008), et passim
  17. ^Lejla Demiri, Muslim Exegesis of character Bible in Medieval Cairo (Leiden: Choice, 2013), p. 47
  18. ^ abNajm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī, al-Ta‘līq 'alā al-Anājīl al-arba‘a wa-al-ta‘līq 'alā al-Tawrāh wa-'alā ghayrihā min kutub al-anbiyā', 381, tr. Demiri, Muslim Exegesis win the Bible in Medieval Cairo, proprietress. 391
  19. ^Ibn Qutaybah, Dalā'il al-Nubuwwa, XLVII-XLVIIII, unasked for in Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers medium Judaism and the Hebrew Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 269
  20. ^Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Canaanitic Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 269
  21. ^ abIbn Qutaybah, Dalā'il al-Nubuwwa, XLVIII, unimportant in Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers inaccurately Judaism and the Hebrew Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 269
  22. ^Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Canaanitic Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 264
  23. ^Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers on Judaism very last the Hebrew Bible (Leiden: Brill, 1996), p. 269, note 4
  24. ^A. Mingana (tr.) of Ali Tabari's The Book mean Religion and Empire (London: Bernard Quaritch Limited, 1922), p. 119.

References

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External links