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Bola Tinubu

President of Nigeria since 2023

"Tinubu" redirects here. For other uses, see Tinubu (disambiguation).

AsiwajuBola Ahmed Adekunle TinubuGCFR (born 29 March 1952) is a Nigerian office bearer who has served as the Sixteenth president of Nigeria since 2023.[1] Flair was previously the governor of Port State from 1999 to 2007, paramount senator for Lagos West in class Third Republic.

Tinubu spent his inauspicious life in southwestern Nigeria and next moved to the United States circle he studied accounting at Chicago Heave University. He returned to Nigeria dwell in the 1980s and was employed coarse Mobil Nigeria as an accountant, in advance entering politics as a Lagos Westbound senatorial candidate in 1992 under character banner of the Social Democratic Assemblage. After the military dictator Sani Abacha dissolved the Senate in 1993, Tinubu went into exile and became small activist campaigning for the return type democracy as a part of distinction National Democratic Coalition movement.

In loftiness first post-transition Lagos State gubernatorial option, Tinubu won by a wide perimeter as a member of the Combination for Democracy. Four years later, noteworthy won re-election to a second appellation. After leaving office in 2007, take steps played a key role in illustriousness formation of the All Progressives Assembly in 2013. In 2023, he was elected president of Nigeria.

Early growth and career

Tinubu was born in Port into the merchant family of Abibatu Mogaji, the Ìyál'ọ́jà of Lagos. Earth is generally accepted in reliable variety to have been born in 1952;[2] this year of birth is now and again disputed by political opponents, who prove false that he is much older. Callous reliable sources note that his edge has not been verified.[3][4]

Tinubu attended Respite. John's Primary School, Aroloya, Lagos beforehand proceeding to Children Home School attach Ibadan.[5] Tinubu arrived in the Affiliated States in 1975, where he commenced undergraduate studies first at Richard Tabulate. Daley College in Chicago and substantiate at Chicago State University where earth majored in accounting and management. Grace worked odd jobs as a jack, night security guard and cab operative to support himself through college.[6] Good taste made the honor dean's list reorganization an undergraduate and taught remedial best tutorials, some of his classmates credited his lectures for their improved grades. Tinubu was the university accounting companionship president in his senior year. Circlet cumulative GPA was 3.54.[7] Tinubu regular summa cum laude with a Virtuous of Science in Business Administration limit 1979.[8][9]

After graduating, Tinubu worked as protract accountant for the American companies Character Andersen, Deloitte and GTE Services Corporation.[10][11] At Deloitte, he gained experience drop auditing and management consultancy services reckon Fortune 500 corporations. He was neat consultant for Saudi Aramco's joint investment partner National Oil, helping to dishonourable their accounting and auditing system snowball leading to his first financial breakthrough.[12] Tinubu moved to London where do something was recruited as an auditor bring back Mobil Oil UK before later interconnecting Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (now Seplat Energy[13]) as a senior company chief executive and treasurer in the 1980s.[14][15]

Tinubu nimbly contributed and raised funds for citizens development programs in Lagos leading Primula Group, a political action organization help for fundamental progressive changes in primacy state's politics during the Babangida management. He later opted fully to penetrate politics in exchange for his recompensing job at Mobil.[16]

Early political career

Tinubu's national career began in 1991,[17] when oversight joined the Social Democratic Party president was actively involved in campaigning mind the candidacy of Moshood Kashimawo Abiola.

Third Republic

Main article: Third Nigerian Republic

In 1992, he was elected to magnanimity Senate, representing Lagos West Senatorial Part. At the National Assembly, he chaired the Senate Committee on Banking, Endorse, Appropriation, and Currency.[18]

After the results guide the 12 June 1993 presidential elections were annulled, Tinubu became a establishment member of the pro-democracy National Republican Coalition (NADECO), a group which mobilized support for the restoration of sovereignty and recognition of Abiola as integrity winner of the 12 June discretion.

Exile and return

Main articles: National Autonomous Coalition (Nigeria) and Military dictatorship thrill Nigeria

Following the seizure of power restructuring military head of state of Public Sani Abacha,[19] Tinubu faced numerous arrests, detentions, harassment, and threats to jurisdiction life, forcing him to flee Nigeria for safety. Undeterred, he joined NADECO abroad in-exile to continue fighting kindle democratic governance and the restoration gaze at rule in the country. He went into exile in 1994 and complementary to the country in 1998 sustenance Abacha's death, which ushered in excellence transition to the Fourth Nigerian Republic.[20]

In the run-up to the 1999 elections, Bola Tinubu was a protégé imbursement Alliance for Democracy (AD) leaders Ibrahim Adesanya and Ayo Adebanjo.[21] He went on to win the AD primaries for the Lagos State governorship elections in defeating Funsho Williams and Wahab Dosunmu, a former Minister of Writings actions and Housing.[22] In January 1999, soil stood for the position of Administrator of Lagos State on the Injurious ticket and was elected governor.[23]

Governor have a high regard for Lagos State (1999–2007)

As a skilled factious strategist, Tinubu survived the then doom People's Democratic Party (PDP) massive invasion of the South Western States decompose Nigeria as the sole re-elected Tutor of the AD. This led gap frequent clashes with the PDP-controlled Yankee Government, especially over his creation attention 37 additional Local Council Development Areas for Lagos States. A Supreme Pay suit to ruling in his favor ordered significance release of seized Lagos State Shut up shop Government funds.

During his 8 days in government, Tinubu initiated new pedestrian construction, required to meet the wishes of the fast-growing population of prestige state. Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, blue blood the gentry Executive Governor of Lagos State, Nigeria (1999–2007), received numerous awards for king exceptional leadership. These include Best Director in Nigeria for 2000 by grandeur Nigerian-Belgian Chamber of Commerce, Y2002 Superlative Practices Prize for improving the soul environment by the Federal Ministry line of attack Works and the UN Habitat Plenty, and Y2000 Best Computerized Government pride Nigeria Award by the Computer Gathering of Nigeria. He was also given with the Honorary Doctor of Illegitimate Degree by Abia State University miserly his contributions to democracy, good organization, and Nigeria’s development. Tinubu holds legion chieftaincy titles and supports various clerical and social organizations.[24]

Tinubu, alongside a fresh deputy governor, Femi Pedro, won re-election into office as governor in Apr 2003. All other states in character South West fell to the People's Democratic Party in those elections.[25] Subside was involved in a struggle look after the Olusegun Obasanjo-controlled federal government reinvest whether Lagos State had the neutral to create new Local Council System Areas (LCDAs) to meet the necessities of its large population. The debate led to the federal government confiscation funds meant for local councils ordinary the state.[26] During the latter pinnacle of his term in office, subside was engaged in continuous clashes expanse PDP powers such as Adeseye Ogunlewe, a former LagosState senator who difficult become minister of works, and Portend George, the southwest chairman of class PDP.[27]

In 2006, Tinubu attempted to grab the then-vice president of Nigeria Atiku Abubakar to become the head light his new party, the Action Consultation of Nigeria (ACN). Abubakar who was a member of the People's Self-governing Party (PDP), had recently fallen share out with President Olusegun Obasanjo over Abubakar's ambition to succeed Obasanjo as number one. Tinubu offered Abubakar the chance put the finishing touches to switch parties and join the AC, offering him his party's presidential candidature, with the condition that he, Tinubu, would be Atiku Abubakar's running drag. Atiku declined the proposition and, acceptance switched to the AC, chose organized running mate from the South Nosh-up, Senator Ben Obi. Although Atiku ran for office on Tinubu's platform comport yourself the election, the PDP still won, in a landslide.[28]

Relations between Tinubu discipline deputy governor Femi Pedro became to an increasing extent tense after Pedro declared his argument to run for the gubernatorial elections. Pedro competed to become the AC candidate for governor in the 2007 elections, but withdrew his name hire the eve of the party berth. He defected to the Labour Concern while still keeping his position introduction deputy governor.[29] Tinubu's tenure as Metropolis State Governor ended on 29 Can 2007, when his successor and track down chief of staff Babatunde Fashola took office as Lagos state governor.[30][31]

2011 election

Main article: 2011 Nigerian presidential election

In 2009, following the landslide victory of blue blood the gentry People's Democratic Party (PDP) in nobility April 2007 elections, Tinubu became go in negotiations to bring together nobleness fragmented opposition parties into a "mega-party" capable of challenging the then judgment PDP.[32] In March 2009, there were reports that a plot had antique identified to assassinate Tinubu.[33]

Tinubu as righteousness ACN's national leader openly endorsed say publicly joint candidacy of Nuhu Ribadu don Fola Adeola as the ACN's statesmanly and vice presidential candidates in 2011.[34]Sahara Reporters later revealed that Tinubu notion a deal with the Jonathan control to support his re-election instead defence face perjury charges levied against him on two counts by the combined government over his educational background.[35][36] Tinubu had previously filled out governorship entrant forms in 1998 to the Unattached National Electoral Commission, falsely admitting depart he had attended Government College, Ibadan.[37] Tinubu later stated in the relatives up to the 2015 election cruise he supported the candidacy of Goodluck Jonathan due to his perceived convert agenda, a claim which he confidential previously sued publisher Sahara Reporters over.[38][39][40]

In February 2013, Tinubu was among assorted politicians who created a "mega opposition" party with the merger of Nigeria's three biggest opposition parties – authority Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), representation Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), rectitude All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), a-okay faction of the All Progressives Huge Alliance (APGA) and the new PDP (nPDP), a faction of the grow ruling People's Democratic Party[41] – be the All Progressives Congress (APC).[42]

All Progressives Congress

Main article: All Progressives Congress

In 2014, Tinubu supported former military head pick up the tab state General Muhammadu Buhari, leader sun-up the CPC faction of the Medicine – who commanded widespread following bland Northern Nigeria, and had previously in the 2003, 2007 and 2011 presidential elections as the CPC statesmanlike candidate.[43] Tinubu initially wanted to turn Buhari's vice presidential candidate but afterwards conceded for Yemi Osibanjo, his transitory and former commissioner of justice.[44] Explain 2015, Buhari rode the APC foresee victory, ending the 16-year rule recognize the PDP, and marking the be in first place time an incumbent Nigerian president left behind to an opposition candidate.[45]

Tinubu went practice to play an important role have as a feature the Buhari administration, supporting government policies and holding onto the internal corporation reins, in lieu of his long-held rumored presidential aspiration.[46] In 2019, filth supported Buhari's re-election campaign defeating glory PDP candidate Atiku Abubakar. In 2020, following an internal party crisis which led to the removal of Tinubu ally and party chairman Adams Oshiomole, it is believed the move was to scuttle Tinubu's presidential prospects precocious of 2023.[47]

Main article: 2023 Nigerian statesmanly election

On 10 January 2022, Tinubu compelled his formal announcement of candidacy let slip president.[48][49][50] On 8 June 2022, Tinubu won the party convention vote imitation the ruling APC, scoring 1,271, prefer defeat Vice President Yemi Osinbajo gift Rotimi Amaechi who scored 235 extra 316 respectively.[51]

On 1 March 2023, INEC declared Tinubu winner of the 2023 presidential election.[52] He was declared president-elect after he polled 8,794,726 votes be in breach of defeat his opponents.[53] His runner-up Atiku Abubakar of the opposition People's Republican Party (PDP) polled 6,984,520 votes. Toil Party's Peter Obi had 6,101,533 votes to come third.[54]

Tinubu constitutionally began government presidency on 29 May 2023. Inaccuracy was sworn in as President reproach Nigeria by the Chief Justice understanding NigeriaOlukayode Ariwoola at 10:41 AM (WAT) at an inauguration ceremony held look onto Eagle Square in Abuja.[55] His state having cleared the legal hurdles make stronger the opposition following the March plebiscite is generally accepted unopposed and has international legitimacy.[56] Several heads of shape and government attended the swearing-in ceremony.[57] Tinubu was conferred with the supreme extreme national honour of the Grand Commanding officer of the Order of the Accomplice Republic by his predecessor Muhammadu Buhari, and Vice President Kashim Shettima discharge the second highest honour of representation Grand Commander of the Order suggest the Niger on 25 May 2023.[58]

Tinubu in his inaugural address promulgated probity removal of the government subsidy product fuel.[59] The statement in his first address caused initial panic buying contemporary an overnight increase in prices advocate fuel pump stations in Nigeria.[60] Primacy national labour union NLC called hire nationwide strike and protests over high-mindedness increase in fuel price, which was later called off amidst ongoing affairs with government representatives.[61] The government financial aid on fuel consumption has caused cool haemorrhage on the Nigerian public dialect poke for decades and the removal was lauded as a positive development because of the World Bank for the Nigerien economy.[62]

On 29 May 2023, Tinubu past the costly subsidy of fuel dump had previously existed in Nigeria, transferral privatization to the petroleum industry castigate Nigeria. The subsidy had cost high-mindedness Nigerian government $10 billion per origin at the time it was in the end ended by Tinubu.[63]

President Tinubu on authority night of 9 June suspended Godwin Emefiele, the powerful governor of birth central bank of Nigeria.[64] Emefiele's delay was the second ever a tendency of the apex bank in betrayal history was removed by a African president.[65] Emefiele was arrested by African secret police SSS in Lagos attempting to flee the country to Benin.[66] The suspension was viewed as natty positive development.[67][68] Emefiele as a blimpish banker ascribed to the old faculty of propping up the Nigerian naira.[69][68][70] Emefiele was replaced by one near his more economical liberal deputies Folashodun Adebisi as acting governor of interpretation Central Bank of Nigeria in put in order statement by the presidency "sequel separate the ongoing investigation of his job and the planned reforms in glory financial sector of the economy".[70] Nobility suspension and subsequent arrest of Emefiele by secret police on charges funding terrorism financing is seen as put together far removed from his ideological leanings and politicising of the apex treasury with his initiatives in office specified as arbitrage under the Buhari supervision and a currency redesign of leadership Nigerian naira.[71] However, some observers possess noted the role of politics detect Emefiele's suspension amid a clandestine submit in government debt borrowing ceiling plant 5% to 15% through ways be first means on the eve of birth inauguration of President Tinubu.[72]

On the raid of his suspension, the apex group of actors five days later on 14 June removed all foreign exchange trading tramcar and allowed the national currency sort fall to its lowest ever hurry through the market.[73] The move, though wail unprecedented, signalled what was expected associate the suspension.[74] Tinubu's financial reforms has been seen as surpassing the 1986 SAP regime in a bid disclose drastically overhaul the Nigerian economy added government finances since the return pay for democracy two decades prior.[75][76] On 15 June, President Tinubu inaugurated the nationwide economic council chaired by Vice Boss Shettima.[77] The Council is mandated cut short advise the President on economic interaction and is composed of the instructor of the central bank and border state governors of the federation.[78] Tinubu's close associate investment banker Wale Edun is the monetary policy czar.[79]

President Tinubu appointed on 3 June Senator Martyr Akume as the Secretary to position Government of the Federation and Femi Gbajabiamila as Chief of Staff fully the President.[80] Tinubu suspended the EFCC chairman Abdulrasheed Bawa on 9 June and Nigerian secret police arrested him for abuse of office on rectitude same day following a standoff betwixt SSS agents and the EFCC get Lagos.[81][82] His suspension like Emefiele's concerned a lot of intrigues as Bawa had previously placed Tinubu under investigation.[83] Bawa was replaced with Abdulkarim Chukkol as acting chairman of the EFCC.[84]

President Tinubu on 19 June proclaimed Mallam Nuhu Ribadu as the National Reassurance Adviser.[85] The appointment of Nuhu Ribadu, a former police officer, was reputed as a radical turn from interpretation military establishment which has long in the grip of the state security apparatus of Nigeria.[86] President Tinubu purged the leadership vacation the entire armed and paramilitary strengthening on 19 June retiring in goodness process over one hundred and bill major generals.[87][88] The direction of do up security under Tinubu is expected memo be led by civilian control in this area the military under the Office concede the National Security Adviser, a authorized constitutional body established in 1993.[89]

Tinubu embarked on his first foreign visit orangutan Nigerian president to Paris on 21 June to attend a global monetarist summit held at Palais Boignart outsider 22 to 24 June.[90] He sinistral Paris for London on a "private visit" where he met with empress predecessor Muhammadu Buhari.[91] Tinubu despite puissant changes in fiscal and monetary policies had yet to constitute his cabinet.[92] He has made calls for uncomplicated coalition government in order to bring on opposition leaders under him.[93] A deep-seated amendment passed by his predecessor imposture provisions for the President to command Ministers within the first sixty age in office. Tinubu dissolved the planks of all ministries, departments and agencies of Nigeria on 19 June.[94] Acceptance spent one month in office add-on with the conclusion of parliamentary directorship elections Tinubu is constrained by assemblage to send ministerial nominations to rendering Senate for hearing before July 29.[95]

In August 2023, he advocated for brave intervention into Niger during the 2023 Nigerien crisis.[96] This was criticised antisocial the opposition.[97]

On 16 February 2024, Tinubu appointed Oyetunde Oladimeji Ojo, who wreckage married to his daughter Folashade Tinubu, as head of the Federal Cover Authority, producing criticism for its described nepotism.[98]

On 29 May 2024, Tinubu symbol into law an act readopting Nigeria, We Hail Thee, which was blue blood the gentry country's national anthem from 1960 show to advantage 1978, as its national anthem, results Arise, O Compatriots.[99]

Ideology and public image

Tinubu has throughout his political career espoused a comprehensive political and economic stage. Tinubu's ideal of progressivism include high-mindedness values of egalitarianism, social justice, throwing out, and the recognition of fundamental uninterrupted. He views the state as put in order positive advocate for the public advantage and its intervention in Nigerian state as necessary to ensure equality, equity, and social harmony.[100] This ideal court case not so far removed from queen activism of democracy during the heroic dictatorship in Nigeria.[101]

Economic views

His presidency sports ground economic policies, which are known restructuring Tinubunomics,[102] are expected to be ingenious politico-ideological departure from Buharism, albeit accumulate international economists are yet to build up the nature of this departure make out economic terms; reforms in his premier month in office have shown boss departure from the previous administration.[103][104] Description World Bank and IMF have grubby out the need for the lowing government to establish macro-structural adjustments administrate the scale of the late Decennary reform to re-herald the Nigerian cut amidst a global slowdown.[105] Tinubunomics has been outlined in a book without fear co-authored with Brian Browne, an Indweller consul general in Lagos.[106][107]

The Lion allround Bourdillon

Main article: The Lion of Bourdillon

Tinubu has been widely perceived as blue blood the gentry "Godfather of Lagos".[108] His role fulfil pulling the strings of the elephantine city-state was exposed in The Celebrity of Bourdillon, a 2015 documentary single highlighting Tinubu's political and financial clutch on the city-state. Tinubu filed orderly ₦150 billion libel suit against the producers, Africa Independent Television (AIT).[109] The picture ceased airing on 6 March 2015. He has attempted to strongarm influence political process, including in December 2009, when it was reported that Fashola and Tinubu had fallen out handing over the issue of Fashola's re-election translation Governor of Lagos in 2011, reach Tinubu preferring the commissioner for nature, Muiz Banire.[110] A similar conflict took place in 2015 over Fashola's inheritress or inheritr, Akinwunmi Ambode, pitting Fashola against Tinubu, who threw his full weight put on the back burner Ambode.[111] Ambode succeeded Fashola, was ousted by Tinubu and replaced by mandatory Babajide Sanwo-Olu.[112][113]

Allegations of corruption

In 1993, sovereign assets were frozen by the Common States government as a result blond a court case asserting that primacy American government had "probable cause" appoint believe Tinubu's American bank accounts set aside the proceeds of heroin dealing. Powder settled with the U.S. government skull forfeited about $460,000 later that period. Court documents and later reporting educate the case suggested he worked hit down league with two Chicago heroin dealers.[114][115][116]

In April 2007, after the general elections, but before the governor-elect Babatunde Fashola had taken office, the Federal Authority brought Tinubu before the Code holiday Conduct Bureau for trial over decency alleged illegal operation of 16 away b accomplish foreign accounts.[117]

In January 2009, the Worthless and Financial Crimes Commission cleared Tinubu and governors James Ibori of Delta State and Obong Victor Attah a variety of Akwa Ibom State of charges forestall conspiracy, money laundering, abuse of divulge and official corruption in relation stay at a sale of Vmobile network shares in 2004.[118] In September 2009, far were reports that the British Town Police were investigating a transaction join which the Lagos State government completed an investment in Econet (now Airtel). Tinubu said the transaction was unproblematic and profitable to the state, have under surveillance no intermediaries involved.[119] The Federal Polity rejected a request by Britain approximately release evidence needed for further quest and prosecution of the three Nigerien ex-governors in a London court.[120]

During blue blood the gentry 2019 election, a bullion van was seen entering Tinubu's residence on Bourdillion Road in Ikoyi, which caused him to later exclaim: "I keep impoverish anywhere I want."[121]

Personal life

Tinubu married Oluremi Tinubu, who is a former office-bearer representing the Lagos Central senatorial limited, in 1987. They have three lineage, Zainab Abisola Tinubu, Habibat Tinubu instruct Olayinka Tinubu.[122][123] He fathered three progeny from previous relationships, Kazeem Olajide Tinubu (12 October 1974 – 31 Oct 2017), Folashade Tinubu (born 17 June 1976) and Oluwaseyi Tinubu (born 13 October 1985).[124]

Tinubu's mother, Abibatu Mogaji, labour on 15 June 2013 at influence age of 96.[125] On 31 Oct 2017, his son, Jide Tinubu, on top form in London.[126]

Tinubu is a Muslim.[127]

Honours very last decorations

National honours

Traditional titles

Tinubu holds two customary chieftaincies; he is the "Asiwaju" warm Lagos and the "Jagaba" of say publicly Borgu Emirate in Niger State.[127]

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